chapter 12 trace minerals

trace minerals

• less than 100 mg a day

• essential nutrient

• micronutrient

examples:

• iron

• iodine

• zinc

• selenium

• fluoride

• chromium

• copper

• manganese/ molybdenum

Iron (func, foods,location RDA)

Functions:

• energy

• metabolism

• growth

• oxygen delivery (thru hemoglobin)

• wound healing

• immune function

types:

• heme - in proteins (hemo and myoglobin) found in animal products

• nonheme - not as well absorbed

Foods:

• whole grain

• soybeans

• dark chocolate

• beef

locations:

• hemoglobin (RBCS) (heme iron)

• myoglobin (muscle cells) (heme iron)

• or as ferritin in liver/spleen/bone marrow

• ^^^ always accompanied, never out by itself

Absorption:

• ferritin made when enough iron absorbed

RDAs

• 8 mg for men

• 18 mg for women

iodine (func, foods, rda, deficiency)

Ionic form of iodine - iodide

func:

• important for thyroxine hormone (heart func, body temp regulation-)

• metabolic rate (controls rate)

• reproduction

• growth

foods:

• think iodized salt/ ocean foods/locations

• seaweed

• codfish

• yogurt

• dairy products

• cranberries

RDAs:

150 mcg/day

Deficiency:

• goiter (hypothyroidism)

iron absorption impairments

• tannins (found in tea)

• calcium and phosphorus

• phytates (legumes and whole-grains)

• oxalates (leafy greens)

• polyphenols (tea, wine, coffee)

iron absorption “promoters”

• vitamin C (x3)

• MFP (meat fish poultry) factor - increases absorption of non-heme irons