GENERAL BIOLOGY 1

Kinetochores

________ attach chromosome to mitotic spindle and align them along metaphase plate at equator.

Atomic level Atoms

________ are defined as the smallest unit of an element that still maintains the property of that element.

Invagination

________- (nucleus and other organelles) folding of plasma membrane to form the endomembrane system.

Nuclear membrane

________ and nucleolus breaks downspindle fibers called kinetochores attach to the centromere of each chromosome.

Stomata pores

________ in plant tissue that allows gas exchange.

Tropomyosin

________- long strand that loops around actin chains.

C platelets

________- small, colorless fragments that forms clots to prevent bleeding.

Companion

________ cells- work alongside the sieve tube cells to support the metabolic processes of the sieve components.

Endosymbiosis

________- (origin of chloroplasts and mitochondria) suggests that chloroplasts and mitochondria were once bacteria that developed a symbiotic relationship with cells that have nucleus.

protective barrier

Rigid, ________- located outside the cellmembrane- found in plant and bacterial**** cells and is made of cellulose.

Chromatin

________ in nucleus condenses to form visible chromosomesMitotic fibers forms from fibers in cytoskeleton /centrioles** (animal)**

Animal tissues

________ are composed of cells.

matrix plasma

Blood- ________ consisting water, salts and dissolved proteins.

Plasmids

________- genetic structure in a cell that can replicate chromosomes independently Nucleoid- not a real structure but a word to describe where the nuclear material sits (prokaryotic cells) Flagella & Cilia- structure that helps cells move.

Sclereids it

________ has very narrow cavities and is hard and inflexible.

Virchos

All cells are produced by the division of pre- existing cells (________, 1858)

group of tissues

A(n) ________ that replaces the epidermis in the plant body.

Myosin

________- motor protein for muscle contraction.

Reticular

________: form a stroma and provide.

Adipose

________: composed of adipocytes and.

protein fibers

The ________ are made of collagen (for strength) or elastin (for flexibility)

Small Intestine

________: highly folded surface to increase absorption of nutrients.

Anaphase

________: Chromatid arms separate and move to opposite ends of the cell.

supportive tissue

It is a(n) ________ and is usually made up of dead cells with highly thickened lignified walls.

Universe

made up of galaxies, planets, asteroids and other celestial bodies** Biology -** is the scientific study of life, it is important because it helps us understand how living things work and function** Earth -** is the planet we humans live on and is the known place that supports and has life

Endosymbiosis

(origin of chloroplasts and mitochondria) suggests that chloroplasts and mitochondria were once bacteria that developed a symbiotic relationship with cells that have nucleus

Invagination

(nucleus and other organelles) folding of plasma membrane to form the endomembrane system

Dense Connective Tissue

has a greater proportion of fibers that are densely packed, fewer cells and less ground substance

Bone

mineralized connective tissue (hydroxyapatite) osteoblasts bone forming cells deposited in a matrix of collagen , once they are trapped for secretion , they are called osteocytes (mature bone cell)

Cartilage

supports structure such as the nose, ears, and joint surfaces, its cells are called chondrocytes

Myosin

motor protein for muscle contraction

Actin

spherical protein that forms filaments, involved in muscle contraction and other cellular processes

Tropomyosin

long strand that loops around actin chains

Neurons

specialized for sending signals/electrical impulse rapidly over long distances to other cells

Small Intestine

highly folded surface to increase absorption of nutrients

Microvilli

projection on each cell

Root Hairs

extension of root epidermal cells increase surface area for absorbing water and minerals

Prophase

DNA forms into chromosomes, nuclear membrane and nucleolus disappear

Spindle Fibers

forms from the microtubules in plants and centrioles in animals

Polar Fibers

extend from one pole to the other

Kinetochore Fibers

extend from the pole to the centromere of the chromosome

Asters

short fibers radiating from centrioles

Metaphase

Chromosomes line up in the middle of cell

Anaphase

Chromatid arms separate and move to opposite ends of the cell

Telophase

Chromosomes reach poles of cell