Linux Essentials Phase I Commands, Syntax, and Examples

Fill-in-the-blank practice flashcards covering Linux commands, options, syntax, permissions, process management, and I/O redirection.

The command that displays kernel and system information is __________.

uname

To display the kernel release using the uname command, the option __________ is specified.

-r

The command that prints the full path of the current directory is __________.

pwd

To list all files and directories including hidden files, ls is run with the option __________.

-a

The mkdir command creates missing parent directories when executed with the __________ option.

-p

The command used strictly to remove an empty directory is __________.

rmdir

To create an empty file or update an existing file's timestamp, use the __________ command.

touch

To copy directories recursively using the cp command, provide the __________ option.

-r

The option that prompts or asks before overwriting when moving or renaming files with mv is __________.

-i

The command that displays used and free space of mounted filesystems is __________.

df

To display the space used by a directory with a summary, du is run with the option __________.

-sh

In chmod numeric permission representation, read (r) has a numeric value of __________.

$$4$$

In chmod numeric permission representation, write (w) has a numeric value of __________.

$$2$$

In chmod numeric permission representation, execute (x) has a numeric value of __________.

$$1$$

The command used to change the owner (and optionally the group) of a file is __________.

chown

The command used specifically to change the group owner of a file is __________.

chgrp

When creating a user with useradd, the option that creates a home directory is __________.

-m

To append a supplementary group to a user, the usermod command uses the option combination __________.

-aG

When deleting a user with userdel, the option used to also remove their home directory is __________.

-r

The option used with groupmod to rename an existing group is __________.

-n

The groupdel command cannot delete a group if that group is a user's __________ group.

primary

The command used to display user ID, group ID, and group memberships is __________.

id

The command that lists users currently logged in is __________.

who

To exit the top interactive live process view, press the key __________.

q

By default, the kill command sends signal number __________ (TERM).

$$15$$

To force-kill a process by PID, the kill command sends signal number __________.

$$9$$

The command used to send signals to all processes matching a given name is __________.

killall

The nice command starts a process with a nice value ranging from __________.

$$-20\text{ to }19$$

To modify the priority of an already running process by PID, use the __________ command.

renice

The shell command used to resume a stopped job in the background is __________.

bg

The shell command used to bring a background job to the foreground is __________.

fg

The command used to show IP addresses of network interfaces is __________.

ip addr

To limit the number of ping requests sent to a host, specify the option __________.

-c

The utility used to securely copy files to or from a remote host over SSH is __________.

scp

In grep, the option used to invert the match and select non-matching lines is __________.

-v

In grep, the option used to display the count of matching lines is __________.

-c

To sort lines numerically with the sort command, pass the option __________.

-n

The command used to collapse adjacent duplicate lines is __________.

uniq

To count the number of lines in a file, the wc command is run with the option __________.

-l

By default, the head command outputs the first __________ lines of a file.

$$10$$

To follow and output newly appended lines in real-time, the tail command uses the __________ option.

-f

In the cut command, the option used to specify a custom delimiter is __________.

-d

The command used to merge corresponding lines of files side by side is __________.

paste

The utility used to translate or delete characters from standard input is __________.

tr

The redirection operator that overwrites the target file with command output is __________.

>

The redirection operator that appends command output to the end of a file without overwriting is __________.

>