Pioneers of Modern Art Exam 1

1.2 Jacques-Louis David The Oath of the Horatii between the Hands of Their Father, 1784

1.5 Elisabeth-Louise Vigée-Lebrun Marie-Antoinette with Her Children, 1787

1.13 Anne-Louis Girodet The Sleep of Endymion, 1791

1.16 Jacques-Louis David Marat at His Last Breath, 1793

1.35 Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres Napoleon I on the Imperial Throne, 1806

2.2 Antoine-Jean Gros Napoleon in the Plague House at Jaffa, 1804

2.4 Antonio Canova Pauline Borghese as Venus, 1808

2.21 Théodore Gêricault The Raft of the Medusa, 1819

2.24 Théodore Géricault Portrait of an Insane Man, c. 1822-23

2.33 Eugéne Delacroix The 28th of July: Liberty Leading the People, 1831

3.2 Francisco Goya Caprichos 43: The sleep of reason produces monsters, 1799

3.3 Francisco Goya Charles IV and His Family, 1801

3.17 Francisco Goya The Third of May, 1808 in Madrid (“The Executions”), 1814

5.9 John Constable The Hay Wain (Landscape: Noon), 1821

5.19 Joseph Mallord William Turner Slavers Throwing Overboard the Dead and Dying— Typhoon Coming On, 1840

6.9 Caspar David Friedrich Monk by the Sea, 1809-10

6.16 Thomas Cole The Course of Empire: Desolation, 1836

6.21 Frederic Edwin Church Twilight in the Wilderness, 1860

7.27 Joseph Paxton, Crystal Palace, London, 1851

(whole building, not this image)

8.5 Charles Bird King Young Omahaw, War Eagle, Little Missouri, and Pawnees, 1822

8.8 George Catlin The Last Race, Part of Okipa Ceremony (Mandan), 1832

9.18 Hiram Powers The Greek Slave, 1846. model 1841-1843, carved 1872

10.3 Honoré Daumier Rue Transnonain, April 15, 1834, 1834

10.11 Pierre-Jean David d’Angers Pediment of the Pantheon, Paris, 1830-37

10.17 Eugéne Delacroix Women of Algiers, 1834

11.2 Jean-François Millet The Gleaners, 1857

11.7 Dante Gabriel Rossetti Beata Beatrix, 1867-70

11.15 Gustave Courbet The Stonebreakers, 1850

11.21 Gustave Courbet The Studio of the Painter: A Real Allegory Summing Up Seven Years of My Artistic Life, 1854-55

13.3 Wilhelm Leibl Town Politicians, 1877

13.4 Adolph von Menzel The Flute Recital of Frederick the Great at Sanssouci, 1852

14.32 Gustave Eiffel, Eiffel Tower, Paris, 1889

Ancien Regime

Avant-garde

subset of radical artists and writers who rejected convention, stood apart from their peers, and looked to the future

Barbizon School

French landscape painters who lived in Barbizon village. Their style was a naturalistic transition between romanticism and impressionism. Artists include Rousseau, Corot, Millet, Daubigny.

Bohemianism

Cast Iron Architecture

Etching

A technique of printmaking: metal plate is covered with wax, the design is drawn with a special needle, acid is used to burn the drawing into the metal, and the wax is removed. The plate is inked and printed as an engraving.

Genre Historique

A style of art created around 1830-48 that blended genre painting, history painting, classicism, and romanticism. Created by Ingres and Delaroche

Genre Painting

A type of art that shows scenes from daily life, generally considered lesser than history or portrait painting (during the nineteenth century).

Hierarchy of Genre

History Painting

A type of figure painting depicting grand acts from ancient myth, noble history, or Judeo-Christian religion. Considered the highest form of art during the 1600s-1800s.

Hudson River School

A group of landscape painters who created the American pastoralist tradition often contained allegorical/historical subjects. Artists included Thomas Cole and Asher B. Durand. Later evolved through George Inness, Frederic Edwin Church, and Albert Bierstradt to emphasize themes of Manifest Destiny.

July Monarchy

Landscape

Liebl Kreis

Lithograph

A print made by drawing on a limestone or zinc plate, then wetting the rock and applying greasy ink, which adheres to the drawn lines.

Modernism

General name for art around the world in the wake of economic, political, and social modernization. Included emphasis on “medium purity”, functionalism, and a rejection of ornament.

Napoleon

Nazarenes

Group of early 19th Century German artists in Rome who aimed to regenerate German painting and spiritual life by imitating Dürer, Perugino and young Raphael. Artists included Johann Friedrich Overbeck, Peter von Cornelius, and Franz Pforr (many converted to Catholicism).

Neoclassicism

A style of art, architecture, and decoration based on ancient Roman and Greek styles. Reaction to the excesses of Rococo, it is characterized by linear, symmetrical, flatness and the Classical orders.

‘Noble Savage’

Orientalism

A type of art and literature characterized by attitudes of racial superiority upheld by most white Europeans toward Middle Eastern and North African people and culture.

Panthéon

Pastoral

Pompeii/Herculaneum

Poussiniste/Rubeniste

Pre-fabrication

The manufacturing technique of building components away form the site, for rapid subsequent assembly. An example is the Crystal Palace in London.

Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood

A group of English artists (Holman Hunt, Millais, Rossetti, Madox Brown, Burne-Jones) who founded this romantic anti-capitalist group in 1848. They focused on building a closer relationship with nature and ignoring the arbitrary rules of the Royal Academy.

Prix de Rome

Realist Manifesto

Realist Pavilion (1855/67)

Realists

Revolutionary France

Romanticism

Both a disordered revolt against Neoclassicism and a commitment to feeling/right to expression. Most common in Britain (JMW Turner), Germany (Caspar David Friedrich) and France (Delacroix and Géricault), however unique in each country. Eventually evolved into Realism.

Rückenfigur

Salon

An official French exhibition of paintings, held annually (sometimes biannually). It was originally organized by the French government, until a private organization took over in 1881.

Sculptural ‘copying’

The Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture

page 17-`19

The Sublime

115

Winckelmann (?)

115-6, 122, 321

World’s Fairs

136

Winckelmann, Johann Joachim, “Reflections on the Imitation of Greek Works in Painting and Sculpture,'“ 1777

Nochlin, Linda The Imaginary Orient

Schapiro, Meyer, “Courbet and Popular Imagery”

Fryd, Vivien Green, “Reflections on Hiram Power's Greek Slave,” 2016