Intelligence

Big Five dimension associated with intelligence

Openness/Intellect.

g factor

The shared variance among different cognitive ability tests, representing general intelligence. (Suggests shared underlying cognitive processes)

Fluid intelligence

Ability to reason and solve new or unfamiliar problems. Related to g factor.

IQ

Standardized measure of intelligence corrected for age. (Average IQ is 100)

Culture-fair intelligence tests

Tests designed to reduce the influence of prior knowledge and cultural experience

System integrity

idea that intelligence depends on the overall functioning and health of the brain.

Flynn effect in IQ

Increased around 10–20 points every 30 years over the last century in developed countries.

Gray matter

Brain tissue containing the central parts of neurons. Involved in processing information.

White matter

Bundles of axons connecting different brain regions. Connects different brain regions.

More gray matter in the frontal lobes is associated with

Higher intelligence

Experience changes brain structure by

Increasing volume in relevant areas.

Why fluid intelligence decreases with age

Decreasing dopaminergic function.

P-FIT

Parieto-Frontal Integration Theory. Suggests that intelligence depends on how effectively the prefrontal cortex communicates with regions of the parietal cortex through white matter connections.

Role of the prefrontal cortex in intelligence

Higher-level cognitive processes, including reasoning and problem-solving.

Role of the parietal cortex in intelligence

Synthesizing and storing sensory information.

Emotional intelligence

The ability to understand emotions and respond appropriately in social situations.

Big Five trait is associated with emotional intelligence

Agreeableness.