Science 8 — Chapter 6: The Plant Kingdom

Flashcards covering key concepts from Science 8 Chapter 6: The Plant Kingdom, including plant anatomy, physiology, classification, biblical perspectives on creation, and edible plant structures.

What three significant points about God's creation are made in Psalm 104?

1. God created plants and other creatures for specific purposes

2. He provides what living things need to survive

3. The variety and order of creation show His wisdom and goodness.

What three truths about God's creation are taught in Genesis?

1. God created all things out of nothing

2. He created them in a perfect fashion and order

3. All of His creation is good.

What four features of plant cells distinguish them from animal cells?

1. They have a cellulose cell wall

2. They have chloroplasts containing chlorophyl

3. They have a large central vacuole

4. They have a more box-like shape.

What are ten significant facts about plants?

1. They are Eukaryotic

2. They have cell walls

3. They contain chlorophyll in many cells

4. They make food by photosynthesis

5. They use carbon dioxide and release oxygen during photosynthesis

6. They need water and minerals

7. They grow

8. They respond to stimuli

9. They may reproduce sexually or asexually

10. They provide food and habitats for many organisms

What are the names and descriptions of three forms of plant movement?

1. Tropism is directional growth in response to a stimulus

2. Nastic movement is movement in response to a stimulus that does not depend on its direction

3. Taxis is movement of a motile cell or organism toward or away from a stimulus.

Which cellular structures should be labeled on a diagram of a typical plant cell?

1. Cell wall

2. cell membrane

3. cytoplasm

4. nucleus,

5. nucleolus,

6. chloroplasts

7. large central vacuole

8. mitochondria

9. ribosomes

10. endoplasmic reticulum

11. Golgi apparatus.

What are the three basic organs of plants and their primary functions?

1. Roots anchor the plant and absorb water and minerals

2. Stems support the plant and transport water, minerals, and sugars

3. Leaves carry out photosynthesis and exchange gases.

What are three functions of roots?

1. Anchor plants in soil

2. Absorb water and minerals

3. May store food.

How are taproots, fibrous roots, and fleshy roots identified?

1. A taproot has one main root with smaller side roots

2. A fibrous root system has many similarly sized roots

3. Fleshy roots are enlarged roots that store food, such as carrots or sweet potatoes

What are three characteristics of fibrous root systems?

1. They consist of many roots of similar size,

2. They spread through the soil and help absorb water and minerals

3. They hold soil in place

What are the primary transport functions of xylem and phloem?

Xylem transports water and minerals from roots to the rest of the plant. Phloem transports sugars made in leaves to other parts of the plant.

What are three functions of plant stems?

1. They support leaves and flowers

2. They transport water and minerals through xylem

3. They transport sugars through phloem (some stems also store food).

What are three functions of leaves?

1. They capture sunlight for photosynthesis

2. They exchange gases such as carbon dioxide and oxygen

3. They release water vapor through transpiration.

What makes a potato unusual?

A potato is an underground stem (a tuber), not a root. Its "eyes" are buds that can grow into new plants.

Which parts and zones are labeled on a typical root system?

1. Primary root

2. lateral roots

3. root tip

4. root cap

5. zone of cell division (meristematic zone)

6. zone of elongation

7. zone of maturation.

What are three facts about gymnosperms?

1. They are vascular seed plants,

2. Their seeds are not enclosed in fruit

3. Many produce cones (conifers are a major group of gymnosperms)

What are three facts about angiosperms?

1. They are flowering plants

2. Their seeds develop inside fruits

3. They are the largest and most diverse group of plants

What are four facts about peat moss?

1. It is a nonvascular plant

2. It absorbs and holds large amounts of water

3. It helps keep environments moist

4. Dried peat moss can improve soil and retain moisture

What are four facts about seeds?

1. It contains a plant embryo

2. It has a protective covering

3. It contains or is associated with a food supply for the embryo

4. It can remain dormant until conditions are suitable for germination

What are two facts about conifers?

1. They are woody, cone-bearing gymnosperms

2. Most have needle-like or scale-like leaves and are often evergreen.

What are six major species of conifers?

1. Pines

2. Spruces

3. Firs

4. Hemlocks

5. Cedars

6. Cypresses

What are four facts about flowers?

1. They are the reproductive structures of angiosperms

2. Stamens are male structures that produce pollen

3. The pistil is the female structure and includes the stigma, style, and ovary

4. Petals and sepals help attract pollinators and protect the flower bud

What is the importance of fruit?

Fruit develops from the ovary after fertilization, protects the seeds, and helps disperse seeds to new locations.

What are four distinguishing features of monocots?

1. They have one cotyledon (seed leaf)

2. They have leaves with parallel veins

3. The flower parts usually in multiples of three

4. They have fibrous root systems.

What are four distinguishing features of dicots?

1. They have two cotyledons

2. They have eaves with branching or netlike veins

3. Flower parts usually in multiples of four or five

4. They commonly have taproot systems

What are five edible parts of plants considered "vegetables," and what are two common human food examples of each?

1. Roots: carrots and radishes

2. Stems: asparagus and celery

3. Leaves: lettuce and spinach

4. Flowers: broccoli and cauliflower

5. Fruits commonly treated as vegetables: tomatoes and cucumbers.

Which parts should be labeled on the structure of a typical flower?

1. Stamen (anther and filament)

2. Stigma

3. Style

4. Ovary

5. Petal

6. Sepal

7. Receptacle

8. Pedicel