ch8 auditory sensory memory

hearing (audition)

sound waves enter the ear and cause the tympanic membrane (eardrum) to vibrate, The vibration of the eardrum leads to movement of the middle

ear bones, The middle ear bone movement leads to fluid moving in

the cochlea – this moving fluid will move the hair cells

(neural receptors) on the basilar membrane of the

cochlea – Neural impulse is sent to the auditory cortex

echoic memory

brief memory store of auditory info, darwin et al. (1972) and 3 eared man procedure: headphones played NLN quickly to right, left, and both (number letter number) at same time and a visual cue told them which sound to report, partial advantage again but less accuracy than iconic memory

crowder and morton (1969)

studied auditory persistence, Present participants with 9 written digits – measure recall performance

– Silent – just see the numbers and read silently

– Active – see and name the digits out loud

– Passive – subjects saw the digits and heard a recording

of the digit names

– Few errors for the last items in the active and passive

listeners (who said it, themselves or audio, didn’t matter)

– Silent groups showed about 50% errors for the last

items (hearing advantage)

duration of echoic memory

3-4s, understanding and comprehension of full sentences and convos

modality effect

last items recalled better with auditory as opposed to visual presentation

warren and warren (1970)

auditory pattern recognition said speech perception is dependent upon context, both bottom up and top down

• Participants heard sentences with one phoneme

removed (*).

• It was found that the *eel was on the _______:

• Final Word | Perception

1) axle | wheel

2) shoe | heel

3) orange | peel

4) table | meal

mcclelland and elman (1986)

interactive levels of top down and bottom up processing: identifying a sound can be identifying auditory features (what did you hear), think about context (other words) to figure out phenomes (missing intial sound)