IGCSE Physics ALL FORMULAE (2023 updated)

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All physics formulae (including space physics)

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35 Terms

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Density Formula

Density = mass/volume

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Speed formula

speed = distance/time

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Acceleration formula

acceleration = final velocity-initial velocity/time

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Force formula

Force = mass x acceleration

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Momentum formula

momentum = mass x velocity

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Impulse formula

impulse = force x time = change in momentum

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Weight formula

Weight = mass x gravitational field strength

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Moment of a force (formula)

moment of force about a point = Force x perpendicular distance from point

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Hooke's Law formula

spring load = spring constant x spring extension (F=kx)

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Pressure formula

pressure = force/area

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Pressure in a liquid (formula)

pressure = density x g x depth

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Temperature formula (kelvin to celsius)

Kelvin temperature = temperature in degrees celsius + 273

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Compressing gases formula

pressure 1 x volume 1 = pressure 2 x volume 2 (boyles law)

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Work formula

work = force x distance moved in the direction of force

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gravitational potential energy formula

GPE= mass x gravity x height

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kinetic energy formula

KE=1/2mv^2

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Energy and temperature change (formula)

Energy transferred = mass x specific heat capacity x temperature change

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Power formula

power = work/time or energy transferred/time

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Efficiency formula

Useful energy output / total energy input (can be power/power or work/energy)

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Waves formula

speed = frequency x wavelength

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Refraction of light (formula)

refractive index = sine of angle of incidence/sine of angle of refraction

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Total internal reflection (formula)

sine of critical angle = 1/refractive index

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Current formula

current = charge / time

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Potential difference formula

p.d. = work done/charge

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Resistance formula

resistance= p.d./current

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Resistors in series (formula)

R total equals R1 + R2 + R3 ….

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Resistors in parallel (formula)

1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2

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Electrical energy formula

energy transferred=powerxtime (p.d. x current x time)

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Transformers (formula)

output voltage/input voltage = output turns/input turns

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For 100% efficient transformer (formula)

power input = power output

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Electrical Power formula

power = p.d. x current = current^2 x resistance

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Average orbital speed

orbital speed= 2π x average radius of orbit/orbital period

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Hubble constant

the ratio of the speed at which the galaxy is moving away from the earth, H0=v/d

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Refractive index

refractive index= speed of light in a vacuum/speed of light in medium

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Period (in waves)

period = 1/frequency