IGCSE Physics ALL FORMULAE (2023 updated)

All physics formulae (including space physics)

Density Formula

Density = mass/volume

Speed formula

speed = distance/time

Acceleration formula

acceleration = final velocity-initial velocity/time

Force formula

Force = mass x acceleration

Momentum formula

momentum = mass x velocity

Impulse formula

impulse = force x time = change in momentum

Weight formula

Weight = mass x gravitational field strength

Moment of a force (formula)

moment of force about a point = Force x perpendicular distance from point

Hooke's Law formula

spring load = spring constant x spring extension (F=kx)

Pressure formula

pressure = force/area

Pressure in a liquid (formula)

pressure = density x g x depth

Temperature formula (kelvin to celsius)

Kelvin temperature = temperature in degrees celsius + 273

Compressing gases formula

pressure 1 x volume 1 = pressure 2 x volume 2 (boyles law)

Work formula

work = force x distance moved in the direction of force

gravitational potential energy formula

GPE= mass x gravity x height

kinetic energy formula

KE=1/2mv^2

Energy and temperature change (formula)

Energy transferred = mass x specific heat capacity x temperature change

Power formula

power = work/time or energy transferred/time

Efficiency formula

Useful energy output / total energy input (can be power/power or work/energy)

Waves formula

speed = frequency x wavelength

Refraction of light (formula)

refractive index = sine of angle of incidence/sine of angle of refraction

Total internal reflection (formula)

sine of critical angle = 1/refractive index

Current formula

current = charge / time

Potential difference formula

p.d. = work done/charge

Resistance formula

resistance= p.d./current

Resistors in series (formula)

R total equals R1 + R2 + R3 ....

Resistors in parallel (formula)

1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2

Electrical energy formula

energy transferred=powerxtime (p.d. x current x time)

Transformers (formula)

output voltage/input voltage = output turns/input turns

For 100% efficient transformer (formula)

power input = power output

Electrical Power formula

power = p.d. x current = current^2 x resistance

Average orbital speed

orbital speed= 2π x average radius of orbit/orbital period

Hubble constant

the ratio of the speed at which the galaxy is moving away from the earth, H0=v/d

Refractive index

refractive index= speed of light in a vacuum/speed of light in medium

Period (in waves)

period = 1/frequency