Untitled Flashcard Set

The Male (XY) Pathway

The pathway activated by the SRY gene leading to male development through Sox9 and AMH.

SRY gene

A gene that initiates male sex determination by activating Sox9.

Sox9

A transcription factor that promotes male development by blocking female pathways.

-catenin

A protein involved in stabilizing Wnt signaling for female development.

Wnt4 and Rspo1

Proteins that stabilize -catenin and promote female reproductive development.

FGF / RTK signaling pathway

A pathway where FGF binds RTK, triggering a cascade activating transcription factors.

Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway

A pathway where Hh binding frees Smoothened from inhibition, allowing Gli to activate target genes.

Wnt / -catenin pathway

A signaling pathway that stabilizes -catenin to promote gene transcription.

TGF- / BMP signaling pathway

A pathway where ligands bind receptors, activating Smad proteins that change gene expression.

Asymmetric Cell Division in C. elegans

A process where sperm entry defines anterior and posterior, creating unequal cell division.

PAR Protein Turf War

A mechanism where anterior and posterior PAR proteins create distinct zones in cell division.

Invagination

A cell movement during gastrulation where cells fold inward to create a dent.

Involution

A movement where cells roll inward over an edge to crawl inside the embryo.

Epiboly

The stretching of outer cells to cover the embryo fully during gastrulation.

Convergent Extension

The movement where cells squeeze toward the middle, elongating the tissue.

Ingression

The process where individual cells break off and move into the embryo's interior.

Spemann-Mangold Organizer

The control center in a frog embryo that dictates developmental processes.

Cortical rotation

The movement of the egg's outer edge that helps form the Spemann-Mangold Organizer.

Disheveled

A protein that helps stabilize -catenin during the formation of the Organizer.

Organizer genes

Genes activated by -catenin and Smad2, crucial for notochord and neural tube development.