lab lecture exam 2

are animals heterotrophic?

yes

animal cells lack cell walls, so their cells are held together by what?

structural proteins called collagen

what is a blastula?

a hollow ball of cells

what is a blastocoel?

the empty space of a blastula

which hole does the gastrula create first for humans?

anus

endoderm

what is the white area in the gastrula?

blastocoel

what is the outer yellow layer called in the gastrula?

ectoderm

what is the inner gray fluid called in the gastrula?

achenteron

what is the middle red line pointing at in the gastrula?

blastopore

what organism is the only group to be at the cellular level?

porifera (sponges)

which phylum have radial symmetry?

cnidaria and ctenophora

what is an acoelomate?

they have no body cavity

what are pseudocoelomates?

they have a body cavity located between the mesoderm and endoderm

what are coelomates?

they have true coelom, a body cavity that is surrounded on all sides with mesoderm

what are protostomes?

animals that develop mouths first

what are deuterostomes?

animals that develop the anus first

what are some examples of protostomes?

mollusca, annelida

what are some examples of deuterostomes?

echinodermata (seastars), chordata (vertebrates)

what is the segmentation of mollusca?

soft unsegmented

what is the segmentation of annelida?

soft segmented

what is the segmentation of arthropoda?

hard segmented

what is the segmentation of chordata?

segmented

what are epithelial tissues?

tightly packed cells used for lining and is in contact with external environment, ex: skin, tube that food goes down

what are connective tissues?

cells scattered through an extracellular matrix, ex: bone, blood, cartilage

what are nervous tissues?

transmits signals (neurons)

what are muscle tissue?

fibers for contraction, ex: smooth, skeletal, cardiac

what do all lophophorate have?

a tentacle-like feeding structure

are porifera (sponges) asymmetrical or symmetrical?

asymmetrical

what does it mean to be a hermaphrodite?

usually mate twice, and are capable of producing both sperm and egg

are porifera hermaphrodites?

yes

what are two types of cellular levels porifera can be?

choanocytes-flagellated cells, amoebocyte-pseudopodia

what is an asconoid?

a flagellated spongocoel

how does the water flow through an asconoid?

ostia > spongocoel > osculum

what is a syconoid?

flagellated radial canals

how does water flower through a syconoid?

ostia > incurrent canal > prosopyle > radial canal > apopyle > spongocoel > osculum

what is a leuconoid?

flagellated chambers

how does water flow through a leuconoid?

ostia > incurrent canal > flagellated chamber > excurrent canal > osculum

what kind of spicules do class calcarea have?

calcium spicules

what kind of water movement do class calcarea have?

asconoid, syconoid, and leuconoid

what kind of spicules do class hexactinellidae have?

silica spicules

what kind of water movement do class hexactinellidae have?

syconoid, leuconoid

what kind of spicules do class demospongiae have?

silica spicules and/or spongin

what kind of water movement do class demospongia have?

leuconoid

what does it mean to be diploblastic?

has only the endoderm and ectoderm

what two body forms do cnidaria have with gastrovascular cavities?

polyp and medusa

what are nematocycts?

thread with barbs

what is a cnidocil?

a trigger for the nematocysts

what animals do class hydrozoa include?

portuguese man of war, hydra, obelia

what animals do class scyphozoa include?

jellies

what animals do class anthozoa include?

sea anemones, corals, sea fans, sea pansies

does class anthozoa have a medusa stage?

no

what class are box jellies in?

class cubozoa

what is the poison called in box jellies and how many people can it kill?

sea wasp-venom can kill 60 people

what is embedded in box jellies' medusa stage?

complex eyes

what are colloblasts?

adhesive cells

what phylum are comb jellies from?

phylum ctenophora

which jelly contains tentacles with colloblasts?

comb jellies

what are gastrovascular cavities?

one hole for the mouth and anus

what does it mean to be triploblastic?

3 tissue layers

what phylum are flatworms from?

platyhelminthes

are flatworms acoelomates, pseudocoelomates, or coelomates?

acoelomates

what is cephalization?

having a small brain/head

what does it mean to be sexually dimorphic?

male and female species look extremely different

what does monogenea mean?

parasitic and has one host

what do parasites from class monogenea latch onto?

fish

what is the life cycle of shistosoma?

human > miracidia larva > snails > cercariae larva

where does miracidia larva go in the shistosoma life cycle?

into a snail

where are cercariae larva found?

free swimming in water

how can you get clonorchis?

by eating raw fish and moves to the bile ducts of humans

what are the symptoms of clonorchis?

cirrhosis of the liver and death

what is swimmers dermatitis?

larvae enters the skin

what class is swimmer's dermatitis in?

class trematoda

what are proglottids?

body parts of tapeworms

what is echinoccocus?

a benign cyst in the heart

do rotifers and nematoda have real body cavities?

no, they have false cavities

what is parthenogensis?

uses meiosis to make sperm and eggs, but do not need a partner

what is proboscis?

an extending mouth part

what phylum are proboscis (ribbon) worms from?

phylum nemertea

how do ancylostoma (hookworms) infect people?

burrows into the skin and moves to the intestines

how do enterobius (pinworm) infect people?

kids scratch their butts and stick fingers in other kids' mouths

how do ascaris (roundworm) infect people?

1. goes through the digestive tract then into the intestines

2. burrows out into the blood vessels to make larvae

3. travels to the lungs then triggers a cough, goes up the respiratory tract and the person will swallow it back down the digestive tract

how people people has ascaris (roundworm) infected currently?

about 1 billion people

what is trichinella?

a worm picked up from infected muscle in pork

how can you get wuchereria?

mosquitoes

what does wuchereria cause?

blocked lymph nodes, usually in one arm or in one leg

how can you get dracunuclus?

enters the digestive tract and migrates to the skin, exits from an injury

who is tried to eradicate dracunuclus?

jimmy carter

which animals contain open circulatory systems?

arthropoda, mollusca, and hemolymph

which animals contain closed circulatory systems?

mollusca, nematoda, and annelida

what are the 4 basic body parts of HAM?

foot, mantle, visceral mass, radula

which class in phylum mollusca do not contain a radula?

bivalvia

class gastropoda is asymmetrical due to what?

torsion

what are the two types of shell coiling?

dextral or sinistral

what is the radula used for in class scaphopoda?

to move food to the gizzard

does class cephalopoda have a closed or open circulatory system?

closed

does class oligochaeta have parapodia?

no

can calss oligochaeta grow back body segments?

yes