Chapter 21 Blood Vessels and Circulation

Define arteries.

Carry blood AWAY from the heart.

Thick, muscular elastic, walls.

HIGH blood pressure.

Usually carry oxygenated blood (pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood).

Define Veins.

Carry blood TOWARDS the heart.

Thinner walls and larger lumen than arteries.

LOW blood pressure.

Valves prevent backflow.

Usually carry deoxygenated blood (pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood.)

Define Capillaries.

Connect arterioles to venules.

Walls are ONE cell thick.

Main site of exchange between blood and tissues.
Exchange oxygen, nutrients, wastes, and fluid.

How fluid and dissolved materials enter and leave the blood?

The main exchange site is the capillaries.

Filtration : blood pressure pushes fluid out of capillaries into the tissues.

Reabsorption: Osmotic pressure from blood proteins pulls fluid back into capillaries.

Lymphatic system: Collects excess tissue fluid and returns to the bloodstream.

1.What moves from the blood into body tissues?

2.What moves from the body tissues into the blood?

Oxygen and nutrients.

Carbon dioxide and metabolic wastes.

What are the main blood vessels that supply the brain?

Internal carotid arteries

Vertebral arteries.

What is the function of the Circle of Willis?

A circle of arteries at the base of the brain that provides alternate routes for blood flow if one artery is blocked.

What do the vertebral arteries form?

Basilar Artery

What is the function of cerebral circulation?

Cerebral circulation supplies the brain with oxygen and nutrients.

What arteries supply blood to the heart muscle?

Right & Left coronary arteries supply blood to the heart.

What is the function of the coronary ciruculation?

The function of the coronary circulation is to supply the heart muscle with oxygen and nutrients.

What veins drain blood from the heart muscle?

Cardiac veins drain blood from the heart muscle

Where does the coronary sinus empty?

Right Atrium.

What vessels carry blood from the heart to the lungs?

Pulmonary arteries

Are pulmonary arteries oxygenated or deoxygenated?

Pulmonary arteries are Deoxygenated.

What vessels carry blood from the lungs to the heart?

Pulmonary veins

Are pulmonary veins oxygenated or deoxygenated?

Pulmonary veins are Oxygenated.

What is the function of pulmonary circulation?

The function of pulmonary circulation is to remove carbon dioxide from the blood and picks up oxygen in the lungs.

Trace the pulmonary circulation pathway.

Right ventricle → pulmonary arteries → Lung capillaries → Pulmonary veins → left atrium.

What is the hepatic portal system?

The hepatic portal system is a system that carries nutrient - rich blood from digestive organs to the liver before returning to the heart.

What major vein carries blood to the liver from the digestive organs?

Hepatic portal vein

Which veins commonly drain into the hepatic portal vein?

Superior mesenteric vein

and splenic vein

What is the function of the hepatic portal system?

The function of the hepatic portal system allows the liver to process nutrients, store glucose, and detoxify harmful substances.

What vessels carry blood away from the liver?

Hepatic veins.

Where do the hepatic veins empty?

The Inferior vena cava.

Trace the hepatic portal circulation pathway.

Digestive organs → Hepatic portal vein → Liver → Hepatic veins → Inferior vena cava.

What is the pulmonary circuit?

The pulmonary circuit is where blood flow between the heart and lungs take place for gas exchange.

What vessel carries blood out of the right ventricle?

Pulmonary trunk

What does the pulmonary trunk divide into?

Right and Left pulmonary arteries

What do the pulmonary arteries do?

Pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the Heart to the Lungs.

What do pulmonary veins do?

Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.

Q: How many pulmonary veins are there normally?

Four two from each lung.

Which chamber receives blood from the pulmonary veins?

Left atrium

What does the aorta?

What does the common carotid artery supply?

What does the subclavian artery supply?

What does the axillary artery supply?

What does the brachial artery supply?

What does the radial and ulnar artery supply?

What does the renal artery supply?

What does the hepatic artery supply?

What do the mesenteric arteries supply?

What does the common iliac artery supply?

What does the femoral artery supply?

What dos the popliteal artery supply?

What do the anterior and posterior tibial arteries supply?

Aorta - Largest artery, carries oxygenated blood from left ventricle to the body.

Common carotid - Head & neck

Subclavian artery - Upper limbs and parts of the chest & head.

Axillary artery - Armpit shoulder region

Brachial artery - Upper arm

Radial & Ulnar - Forearm and hand

Renal artery - Kidneys

Hepatic artery - Liver

Mesenteric - Intestines

Common iliac artery - Pelvic regions and lower limbs

Femoral artery supply - Thigh and lower limb

Popliteal artery - Knee region, continues into arteries supplying the lower leg

Anterior posterior tibial arteries - lower leg and foot.

What do the superior and inferior vena cava do?

What does the jugular vein drain?

What does the subclavian vein drain?

What does the axillary vein drain?

What does the brachial vein drain?

What do the radial and ulnar veins drain?

What do the renal veins drain?

What do the hepatic veins drain?

What do the common iliac veins drain?

What does the femoral vein drain?

What does the popliteal vein drain?

What do the anterior and posterior tibial veins drain?

Superior inferior vena cava - returns deoxygenated blood from the body into the right atrium.

Jugular vein - Head and neck

Subclavian vein - upper limbs

Axillary vein - Armput and shoulder

Brachial vein - Upper arm

Radial & ulnar - Forearm and hand

Renal veins - Kidneys

Hepatic veins - Liver into the inferior vena cava

Common iliac veins - pelvis and lower limbs

Femoral vein - Thigh and lower limb

Popliteal vein - Knee region

Anterior posterior tibial - lower leg and foot