Ch 32 Arterial Supply & Venous Drainage

What atrium of the heart does the blood flow enter from the body?

The Right Atrium

After the blood travels through the right atrioventricular valve ( tricuspid valve), where does it travel to next?

The Right Ventricle

The right ventricle pumps the blood out through the ____________ into the pulmonary artery then into the lungs.

Pulmonary valve

Once the blood gets into the lungs, it picks up oxygen and then returns to the left atrium of the heart through paired _________ veins on each side.

Pulmonary

From the left atrium, blood passes through the left atrioventricular valve to the left ventricle, and the left ventricle pumps it out through the __________ valve into the _______.

Aortic; Aorta

What is another name for the "Right" atrioventricular valve?

Tricuspid valve

What is another name for the "Left" atrioventricular valve?

Bicuspid or Mitral valve

From the aorta, where does the blood flow next?

Through the thorax and abdomen

In the pelvis, the Aorta ends as paired common?

Iliac arteries

What do the common Iliac arteries split into?

Internal & External Iliac arteries

What do the Internal Iliacs mainly supply?

Pelvis and nearby areas

What do the External Iliacs continue as and what do they supply?

Femoral arteries and they supply the legs

What veins bring back blood from those regions until it reaches the abdomen?

Internal, External, & Common Iliacs

What do the veins become once they reach the abdomen?

Inferior Vena Cava

What does the Inferior Vena Cava do?

Returns the blood back to the right atrium

On the right side of the head, what artery branches off the arch of the Aorta?

Brachiocephalic Artery

What does "brachio" mean?

Arm

What does "Cephalic" mean?

Head

What artery comes off the Brachiocephalic artery that supplies the "Right" arm?

Right Subclavian artery

What artery comes off the Brachiocephalic artery that supplies the "Right" side of the head?

Right Common Carotid artery

What artery comes directly off the arch of the Aorta on the "Left" side?

Left Common Carotid artery

What artery comes off the arch of the Aorta lateral to the "Left" Common Carotid artery?

Left Subclavian artery

In the neck on both sides, the common carotid artery runs within the ?

Carotid Sheath

What other vein, nerve & muscle run along both sides of the neck?

Internal Jugular vein & Vagus nerve that lie beneath the Sternocleidomastoid muscle

Where does the common carotid divide into the External & Internal Carotid?

The level of the Larynx

Does the Internal Carotid artery have any branches in the neck?

NO

Once inside the skull, the Internal Carotid Artery branches and supplies the?

Eyes, Brain, and some limited regions covering the brain

Unlike the internal carotid artery, the ____________ has a number of branches in the neck.

External Carotid artery

What is the best way to study the arteries?

By the directions and orders they come off the External Carotid artery

How many Anterior branches come off the external carotid artery?

3;

-Superior Thyroid artery

-Lingual artery

-Facial artery

What does the Superior Thyroid artery of the Anterior branch of the external carotid artery supply?

the Thyroid Gland and the Larynx

What does the Lingual artery of the Anterior branch of the external carotid artery supply?

the Tongue and the Floor of the Mouth

What does the Facial artery of the Anterior branch of the external carotid artery supply?

the Submandibular Salivary Gland, the area beneath the Chin, and the Face

How many branches off the external carotid artery does the Medial branch have?

1;

-Ascending Pharyngeal artery

What does the Ascending Pharyngeal artery of the Medial branch of the external carotid artery supply?

the Pharyngeal wall and the Tonsil area

How many branches off the external carotid artery does the Posterior branch have?

2;

-Occiptal artery

-Posterior Auricular artery

What does the Occipital artery of the Posterior branch of the external carotid artery supply?

the Occipital Region

What does the Posterior Auricular artery of the Posterior branch of the external carotid artery supply?

the Area behind the Ear

How does the External Carotid artery end?

By dividing into the Maxillary artery & the Superficial Temporal arteries

What artery branches off the external carotid artery below the Facial artery?

The Lingual artery

What artery travels forward and deep going beneath the Hypoglossus muscle of the tongue ending in 3 branches?

The Lingual artery

What branch of the lingual artery supplies the deep "Posterior" part of the Tongue?

the Dorsal Lingual artery

What branch of the lingual artery supplies the deep "Anterior" part of the Tongue?

the Deep Lingual artery

What branch of the lingual artery supplies the "Ventral" surface of the Tongue and the "Floor of the mouth" ?

the Sublingual artery

What artery supplies the Tongue and the tissue in the Floor of the oral cavity?

the Lingual artery

If you cut your tongue what is the well developed blood supply that supplies it?

the Lingual Artery

What arteries come off the external carotid as one branch and then split?

the Lingual & the Facial

When the Lingual & Facial arteries come off the external carotid branch and then split, this can be known as the ?

Linguofacial Trunk

What artery ascends from the neck and runs deep to the submandibular gland supplying it?

the Facial artery

What artery crosses the lower border of the mandible just in front of the angle of the mandible?

the Facial artery

What can be known as the small depression on the lower border of the mandible?

the Facial artery branches into the Submental branch, which runs along the inferior border of the mandible to the Chin

After the facial artery gives off the submental branch the facial artery and the vein cross the mandible. This is the point where you can?

Compress the vessels to act as a pressure point to stop facial bleeding

After crossing the mandible, the facial artery, travels across the face supplying the skin and muscles of facial expressionc and ends near the?

Corner of the eye as the Angular artery

What are the other areas that the facial artery branches off to?

Upper and Lower Lips & Sides of Nose

Along with the Superficial Temporal artery, what is another "Terminal" branch of the External Carotid artery?

the Maxillary artery

What artery diverges from the External Carotid at the level of the "Neck of the Condyle" on its Deep surface?

the Maxillary artery

How many branches come off the Maxillary artery ?

15

What artery supplies the muscles of mastication, the teeth, the oral and nasal cavities, the coverings of the brain, and several smaller areas?

the Maxillary artery

The Maxillary artery runs forward from the external carotid in an area known as the ?

Infratemporal Fossa

In the infratemporal fossa, the Maxillary artery crosses the surface of the "lateral pterygoid" muscle to enter the________________ behind and below the eye?

Pterygopalatine Fossa

The more important branches in the infratemporal fossa are the? (6 of them)

-Inferior Alveolar

-Temporal

-Masseteric

-Pterygoid

-Middle Meningeal

-Buccal

Where does the Inferior Alveolar branch of the Maxillary artery run down to?

the Mandibular Foramen and runs in the Mandibular Canal

What does the Inferior Alveolar branch of the Maxillary artery send branches to?

-Teeth

-Periodontal Ligaments

-Bone

What region does the Inferior Alveolar branch of the Maxillary artery send a small branch called the Mental Artery which exists from the Mandible through the Mental Foramen?

the Premolar Region

The branch of the Inferior Alveolar branch of the Maxillary artery that is in the Premolar Region supplies the? (remember this region turns into "Mandible")

Mandibular buccal gingiva and mucosa from the premolars to the incisors and also the mucosa of the lower lip and chin

What branches comes off the Maxillary branch to supply the Temporal Muscle (an anterior and posterior deep temporal artery) ?

the Temporal Branches (2)

What branch comes off the Maxillary artery and runs laterally through the Coronoid Notch of the Ramus, entering the deep surface of the Masseter Muscle to supply it with blood?

Masseteric Branch

What are one or more branches that extend medial and lateral into the Pterygoid muscles and their courses can vary (branch off the Maxillary artery)?

the Pterygoid Branches

What artery comes off the Maxillary "opposite the Inferior Alveolar artery" and runs up through the Foramen Spinosum to be the Major blood supply to the "Meninges" of the Brain?

the Middle Meningeal artery

What branch of the Maxillary artery runs down and forward to supply the mucosa of the cheek and the buccal mucosa and gingiva of the "Maxillary and Mandibular Posterior teeth"?

the Buccal Branch

At the "Anterior" part of the Infratemporal fossa, the maxillary artery reaches the Pterygopalatine fossa , entering it through the Pterygomaxillary Fissure, the opening between the Maxillary tuberosity and the Pterygoid process of the Sphenoid Bone. The pterygoid process lies?

Behind and slightly below the Orbital Cavity

Once in the Orbital Cavity, the Pterygopalatine fossa (a branch of the Maxillary artery) divides into 5 directions known as?

-Backward to the Nasal Pharynx

-Down to the Palate

-Medially into the Nasal Cavity and eventually into the anterior palatal area

-Laterally to the Maxillary Tuberosity

-Forward into the Infraorbital area of the face

What artery is a branch of the Maxillary that extends to the Posterior Hard Palate through the Pterygopalatine Canal?

the Descending Palatine artery

In the pterygopalatine canal the Descending Palatine artery splits into 2 branches known as the?

Lesser Palatine artery & the Greater Palatine artery

What does the Lesser Palatine artery (a branch of the Descending Palatine artery) supply?

the Soft Palate

What does the Greater Palatine artery that travels along the Hard palate (a branch of the Descending Palatine artery) supply?

the Palatal Mucosa and the Maxillary Lingual gingiva

Where do the lesser & greater palatine arteries emerge into?

the Palatal area through the Lesser & Greater Palatine Foramina

What artery comes out of the Pterygopalatine fossa through the pterygomaxillary fissure, descends onto the Maxillary Tuberosity, and enters the Bone behind the 3rd Molar?

the Posterior Superior Alveolar artery

What does the Posterior Superior Alveolar artery supply?

All of the Maxillary Posterior Teeth, part of the Maxillary Sinus, and the Posterior Buccal Mucosa of the Upper Posterior Teeth

What artery comes off the Maxillary artery and runs Medially through the Sphenopalatine Foramen into the Nasal Cavity?

the Pterygopalatine (Sphenopalatine) artery

What artery supplies most of the Nasal Cavity?

the Pterygopalatine (Sphenopalatine) artery

What artery emerges from the Incisive Foramen as the Nasopalatine artery to "Anastomose" with the Greater Palatine artery?

the Pterygopalatine (Spenopalatine) artery

What artery is the end part of the Maxillary artery?

the Infraorbital artery

What is the location of the Infraorbital artery?

the Floor of the Orbital Cavity

From the Orbital Cavity, the Infraorbital artery sends a branch down into the Bone in front of the Maxillary Sinus. This branch is known as the?

the Anterior Superior Alveolar artery

The Anterior Superior Alveolar artery (a branch of the Infraorbital artery) supplies the?

Maxillary Anterior Teeth

What Anastomoses with the Posterior Superior Alveolar artery in the wall of the sinus?

the Infraorbital artery

Where does the Infraorbital artery emerge through?

the Infraorbital Foramen onto the Face

Once the Infraorbital artery emerges onto the face through the Infraorbital foramen, what does is supply?

-Upper lip and its Mucosa

-Maxillary Labial Gingiva

-Lower eyelid

-Sides of the Nose

In the head and neck, the names of the veins vary from those of the arteries. Instead of the internal and external carotid veins, they are designated as the ______________ and the ___________ .

Internal Veins & External Veins

What veins drain the "Entire brain area" and passes out of the skull through the Jugular Foramen?

the Internal Jugular Vein

What is the vein that drains much of the area from the front of the Ear to the front of the Face through veins that correspond with arteries?

(ex. the facial, lingual, and part of the superficial temporal)

the Internal Jugular Vein

The Maxillary vein is formed by an Intertwining network of veins known as ?

the Pterygoid Plexus of Veins

What veins are so close to the Maxillary Tuberosity that there is a risk of piercing them if the angulation of the needle is incorrect during a posterior superior alveolar nerve block?

the Pterygoid Plexus Veins

What happens when blood escapes into tissue spaces and causes swelling and discoloration?

A Hematoma occurs from the piercing of the Pterygoid Plexus Veins in a block

What helps dissipate the swelling and discoloration after the piercing of the Pterygoid Plexus Veins in a block?

Moist heat

What vein divides into Posterior & Anterior veins?

the Retromandibular Vein

What does 'Retro" mean?

Behind

The Posterior Retromandibular vein joins with the Posterior Auricular vein to form what vein?

the External Jugular Vein

The External Jugular vein descends, crossing the "lateral" surface of what muscle?

the Sternomastoid muscle