Last years fill in the blank repro questions

In which part of the hen’s reproduction system is the thin white or ablumen added to the egg? This process is referred to as ‘plumping’

Uterus

The fully developed egg will mak eits final passage through this structure. This term translates to ‘common sewer’, and it is where the urinary, digestive, and reproductive tracts come together

cloaca

The DNA present on the surface of the yolk, contains all the genetic material necessary for forming the new chick, including the sex. What is this structure called?

germinal disk

If an embryo has a XY genetic sex ans the testes will develop. What cells i n the developing testes are responsible for producing testosterone?

leydig cells

What name is given to the muscularis or combined inner circular and out longitudinal muscle layers of the uterus?

myometrium

What part of the broad ligmament suspends the oviduct?

mesosalpinx

What part of the broad ligmament suspends the uterus and all parts posterior?

mesometrium

What type of uterus is characteristic of the cow, sow, ewe, doe, bitch, queen, and mare?

bicornuate

What is the inner layer consisting of the mucosa and submucosa of the uterine wall called?

endometrium

What is the outer layer consisting of inner circular and outer longitudinal muscle fibers of the uterine wall called?

myometrium

What are the four functions of the uterus?

Passageway for sperm cells

produce histotrophe

supplies nutrients and expels waste

expels fetus at partuition

What type of cervix does a mare have?

longitudinal folds

What type of cervix does a sow have?

spiral arrangement

If a female has a graafian follicle on her ovary, will 1) thick or 2) thin mucus secreted from her cervix

thin mucus

What name is given to the 19 to 120 individual placental units that from during a normal ruminant preganacy? Each of these will consist of a maternal caruncle and fetal cotyledon

placentome

When heat is applied to the thermosensitive neurons housed within the scrotal skin, what two physiological responses would you expect from a male?

sweating

increased respiratory response

Which cells in the testis produce testosterone? These cells rest between the seminiferous tubules

leydig cells

The spermatic cord runs through this opening in the bdy wall of the male

inguinal ring

This structure of the female reproductive system rests between the left and right labia, and it represents the reminants of the penis during sexual development

clitoris

What type of penis is characteristic of the stallion?

vascular

This gonadotropin encourages further growth and development of tertiary follicles in females, and is responsible for stimulating seniniferous tubule development in males

follicle stimulating hormone

This gonadotropin causes final growth and ovulation of graafian follicles in females, and stimulates testosterone production by leydig cells in males

leuteinizing hormone

Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) travels from the hypothalamus to the anteriopituitary gland to release the two gonadotropins, but what does it travel through in this process?

hypothalamic adrenohypophyseal portal system

This hormone is produced by the corpous luteum and it supresses the secretion of GnRH ans the two anterior pituitary gonadotropins

progesterone

This hormone is produced by the granulosa cells of the graafian follicle and it supresses the release of any additional follicle stimulating hormone

inhibin

Do males have a surge center in their hypothalamus?

no

This hormone is produced by the granulosa cells of the graafian follicle, and it supresses the release of any additional follicle stimulating hormone

inhibin

The uterus will release this hormone when an embryo is not present to cause regression of the corpus luteum (aka leuteolysis)

prostaglandin F2ɑ

This anterior pituitary hormone promotes whole body growth and it maintains lactation. Robert Waldow’s pituitary produced too much of this hormone, which is why he is the tallest man in history

somatotropin

What hormone is released by the fetal anterior pituitary to stimulate cortisol release from the fetal adrenal gland, which in turn initiates the process of partuition?

adenocorticotropic hormone

The infundibulum of the hen’s reproductive tract 1) serves as the site of sperm cell storage, 2) catches the yolk at ovulation, and 3) serves as the site of _________

fertilization

What term is used to describe species which have a lobulated ovary resembling a cluster of grapes? These females (sow, bitch, queen) typically give birth to multiple offspring

polytocous

What type of reproduction exists among most bords, fishes, reptiles, and amphibians? Fertilization may not occur in the body, and all embryonic development occurs outside of the body

oviparous

Lucy has 1,000 beef cows and yesteray she weaned 927 calves from these cows. What is Lucy’s percent calf crop?

92.7%

Did Lucy’s cow heard achieve a realistic goal for reproductive performance? Her precent calf crop is 92.7%

no

What structure is attached to the infundibulum of most mammals and is used to catch the egg at the time of ovulation?

fimbria

Which portion of the borad ligament supports the oviduct?

mesosalpinx

Jen’s dog has two retained testicles (both remain in the body cavity). What is this condition called?

bilateral cryptorchidism

What two parts of the egg are produced by the hen’s uterus?

thin white

outer shell membrane

Which layer of the uterus consists of the mucosa and submucosa?

endometrium

Which layer of the uterus consists of inner circular and outer longitudianl muscles?

myometrium

During gonadogenisis in males, what hormone is secreted by the leydig cells to initiate development of the male duct system?

testosterone

What is the proper name for a heifer born twin to a bull after she has shared the same placenta and has been exposed to hormones which initiate development of the male reporductive system?

free martin

Are free martin heifers fertile?

no

What hormone is being released from the granulosa cells of a graafian follicle when a female is exhibiting estrous behaviors? This hormone also recruots receptors for oxytocin within the uterus so that uterine contracts are maximized after mating and during sperm transport through the uterus

estrogen

What name is given to the combination of a meternal caruncle and a fetal cotyledon? This structure represents one of the 90 to 120 placental units created during pregnancy in ruminants

placentome

What name is given to te penile bone found in dogs?

baculum

Which connective tissue layer surrounding the testis rests just outside of the tunica albuginea?

tunical vaginalis visceral

A substance produced by an organ or gland and is transported to a distant site via the blood stream to influence the activity of another organ or gland is called a ________

hormone

List the four mechanisms involved in the process of ejaculation

intromission

emission

forceful muscle contraction

stimulation of glans penis

This steroid hormone is produced by the adrenal cortex during times of stress. The fetus will release this hormone near the end of gestation to initiate the process of partuition

cortisol

This posterior pituitary hormone is a 9 amino acid smooth muscle stimulator, which encourages milk let down and contractions of the uterine myometrium

oxytocin

We discussed two non-pituitary gonadotropins in class. Which is produced by the early human embryo to encourage progesterone production by the mother’s corpus luteum? It can also be used to induce ovulation in mares before artifical insemination

human chorionic gonadotropin

Which anterior pituitary hormone is responsible for initiating the mammary development observed in ewes during the latter parts of her maternal behavior after lambing

prolactin

Which type of reproduction is characteristic of mammals? This type involves fertilization and embryonic development inside the female’s reproductive tract, and live young are born

viviparous

What are the four characteristics of a sperm cell?

only cell known to perform its function without a parent cell

able to live independently

capapble of independent motility

mature cells are non-dividing

Which portion of the broad ligament supports the ovary?

mesovarium

What are the four classes of females unlikely t have regular estrus cyles?

pre-pubertal anestrus

gestational anestrus

post-partum anestrus

seasonal anestrus

How long is the process of spermatogenesis?

8 weeks

What structure develops on the ovary immediately after ovulation of a graafian follicle?

corpus hemorrhagicum

What enzyme is produced within the granulosa cells of the graafian follicle and it is responsible for converting testosterone to estrogen?

aromatase

Which layer of the uterus consists of the mucosa and submucosa? In ruminants, this layer also houses the caruncles or sites of placental attachment

endometrium

What structure remains on the ovary after the corpus luteum has regressed? This structure is represented by a pale or white scar

corpus albican

The menstral cycle is measured from one _____ to another _____

menses

The estrous cycle is measured from one ___ to another ____

estrus

Removal of a portion of the vas deferens

vasectomy

Which portion of the poultry reproductive tract is responsible for 1) catching the yolk at the time of ovulation, 2) storage of the rooster’s sperm cells, and 3) serving as the site of fertilization

infundibulum

What are the two main reasons for knowing the chemistry of the hormone?

cost/cheaper to produce

administration

The corpus luteum and placenta are responsible for producing this hormone, which is responsible for relaxing the smooth muscle of the isthmus and uterus and promoting production by the uterine glands

progesterone

What is the duration of estrus or heat in the sow?

44 hours

What is the normal semen volume of the boar?

200-250 ml

What is the sperm cell concentration in the stallion, boar, and dog?

0.3 billion cells/ml

What part of the oviduct is responsible for catching the egg at the time of the ovulation among mammals?

fimbria