Body Movements, Joint Disorders

Structural Joints

3 classes: fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

Fibrous Joint

bones held together by fibrous tissues, have no joint cavity, most are non movable

Fibrous Joint Types

3 types: sutures, syndesmoses, gomphosis

Sutures

joints w/ irregularly edged bones connected by short connective tissue fibers

Syndesmoses

joints w/ bones connected by short ligaments

Gomphosis

joint that holds the teeth in the mandible via the periodontal ligament

Cartilaginous Joints

articulating bones connected by plates or pads of cartilage, no joint cavity & most are slightly movable

Cartilaginous Joints Types

2 types: symphyses & synchondroses

Symphyses

joints which have bones connected by a broad flat disc of fibrocartilage

Synchondroses

bones connected by hyaline cartilage

Synovial Joints

have bones separated by joint cavities filled w/ synovial fluid, freely movable

Types of Synovial Joints

1. plane

2. hinge

3. pivot

4. condylar

5. saddle

6. ball and socket

Functional Joints Types

synarthroses, amphiarthroses, diarthroses

Synarthroses

non movable joints

Amphiarthroses

slightly movable joints

Diathroses

freely movable joints

Flexion

A → decreases angle b/w origin & insertion

Extension

B → increases angle b/w origin and insertion

Abduction

1 → movement away from the midline

Adduction

2 → movement towards midline

Circumduction

3 → movement that makes an imaginary cone along long axis of bone

Rotation

A → movement around the long axis of bone

Supination

1 → turning of the hand & returning to anatomical position

Pronation

2 → turning of the hand/palm from the anatomical position

Inversion

A → turning of the feet medially, inward

Eversion

B → lateral movement of the feet, outward

Dorsiflexion

1 → upward movement of the feet

Plantar Flexion

2 → downward movement of toes (on tip toes)

Sprain

excessive stretching/tearing away of ligament reinforcing the joint

Dislocation

bone forced out it's natural position

Adhesion

the connecting of bones at their surface via fibrous bands in joints

Spur

extraneous growth of bone tissue (bone where it doesn't usually grow)