Week 10 - Hallmarks of Cancer 2000 + 2011
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15 Terms
6 Hallmarks
Sustaining proliferative signalling
Evading growth suppressors
Activating invasion & metastasis
Enabling replicative immortality
Inducing angiogenesis
Resisting cell death
Sustaining Proliferative Signalling
Produce own growth signals
Increase receptor sensitivity
Constitutive activation of signal pathways
Proto-oncogenes vs Oncogenes
Normal vs mutated
Evading Growth Suppressors
Inactivate tumour suppression genes
Resisting Cell Death
Apoptosis resistance
Enabling Replicative Immortality
Increase telomerase expression
Inducing Angiogenesis
Form new blood vessels
Secrete vascular endothelial growth factor
Activating Invasion & Metastasis
Local invastion
Intravasation - enter blood/lymph
Circulation
Extravasation - enter new tissue
Micrometastases - small nodules
Colonisation - tumour
4 Emerging Hallmarks
Deregulating cellular energetics
Avoiding immune destruction
Tumour promoting inflammation
Genome instability & mutation
Deregulating Cellular Energetics
Aerobic glycolysis
Less efficient
Generate energy faster
Avoiding Immune Destruction
Evade immunoediting
Immunoediting - 3 As
Elimination - detect + destroy
Equilibrium - some survive + dormant
Escape - mutated cells break through
2 Types of Tumour Associated Antigens
Cancer testis - activated only in tumour
Tissue differentiation - increased in tumour
Tumour Promoting Inflammation
Inflammatory cells
Release growth + survival + pro-angiogenic factors
Genome Instability & Mutation
Faulty DNA repair