A&P Lab: Exercise 15,17,19

Olfactory nerve

sensory

what type of nerve is olfactory nerve?

smell

What is the function of olfactory nerve?

optic nerve

II

What is the number for optic nerve?

sensory

what type of nerve is optic nerve?

vision

what is the function of optic nerve?

oculomotor nerve (location)

III

what is the number of oculomotor nerve?

motor (oculomotor)

what type of nerve is oculomotor nerve?

moves eyeball

function of the oculomotor nerve?

Trochlear nerve (location)

IV

what is the number of trochlear nerve?

motor

what type of nerve is trochlear nerve?

eye movement via superior oblique

function of trochlear nerve

trigeminal nerve

V

what is the number of trigeminal nerve

both

what type nerve is trigeminal?

facial sensation, muscles of mastication

function of trigeminal nerve

Abducens nerve

VI

number of abducens nerve

motor (abducens)

what type of nerve is abducens?

moves eyeball. Lateral rectus moves eye laterally

function of abducens nerve

facial nerve

VII

facial nerve number

both

what type of nerve is the facial nerve?

facial expression, taste ( anterior 2/3 of tongue), lacrimal and salivary gland functions

function of facial nerve

vestibulocochlear nerve

VIII

number of vestibulocochlear nerve

sensory

what type of nerve is vestibulocochlear nerve

balance and hearing

function of vestibulocochlear nerve

glossopharyngeal nerve

superior

IX

number of glossopharyngeal nerve

taste/sensation (posterior 1/3) swallowing, visceral functions

function of glossopharyngeal nerve

both

what type of nerve is glossopharyngeal nerve?

vagus nerve

middle

X

what number is vagus nerve?

both

what type of nerve is vagus nerve?

muscle, senses, blood pressure, visceral receptors

vagus nerve function

accessory nerve

inferior

XI

what number is the accessory nerve?

swallowing, muscles of head, neck, shoulders

function of accessor nerve

motor

what type of nerve is the accessory nerve?

hypoglossal nerve

XII

what is the number of the hypoglossal nerve?

motor

what type of nerve is the hypoglossal nerve?

moves tongue for speech, chewing, swallowing

function of hypoglossal nerve

node of Ranvier location

node of ranvier

gap or indentations in the myelin sheath

Schwann cell

axon

axons

called nerve fibers when they are long, form the impulse generating and conducting region of the neuron

dendrites

dendrites

receptive regions that bear receptors for neurotransmitters released by the axon terminals of other neurons

axon hillock

axon hillock

the axon in motor neurons begin just distal to a slightly enlarged cell body structure

cell body

cell body

receives information from the dendrites

myelin sheath location

myelin sheath

formed by many individual schwann cells, it is a discontinuous sheath

sensory (afferent) neurons

Conducts impulses only toward the CNS. Changes in the environment produce a stimulus that is detected by the receptors associated with the dendrites of ___________

interneuron

structurally a multipolar neuron and makes up about 90% of the neurons in the CNS

Schwann cells

nerve fibers in the PNS are typically heavily myelinated by special supporting cells called ___________

white matter

groups of myelinated axons in the CNS form tracts and are called

gray matter

unmyelinated areas comprised of neuron cell bodies, dendrites, axon terminals, and neuroglia are called

meninges

also known as connective tissue membranes, cover the spinal cord and are continuous with the cranial meninges that protect the brain

dura mater

outer menix, tough single-layered membrane that is deep to the epidural space

arachnoid mater

spider web-like matter

pia mater

the inner menix, hugs the spinal cord, delicate

conus medullaris

where the spinal cord ends inferiorly

central nervous system

consists of the brain and spinal cord, which primarily interpret incoming sensory information and issue instructions based on that info and on past experience

motor (efferent) neurons

neurons carrying impulses from the CNS to the viscera and/or body muscles and glands

peripheral nervous system

consists of the cranial and spinal nerves , ganglia, and sensory receptors

cervical spinal nerves

C1-C8 nerves

thoracic spinal nerves

T1-T12 nerves

lumbar spinal nerves

L1-L5 nerves

sacral spinal nerves

S1-S5 nerves

coccygeal spinal nerves

1 nerve

dorsal root

contains axons of sensory neurons

central canal

A tiny channel found within the spinal cord and inferior medulla oblongata

ventral root

contains axons of motor neurons

ventral (anterior) horn

contains cell bodies of motor neurons

lateral horn

visceral motor neurons

dorsal (posterior) horn

Conus Medullaris

Dorsal Root Ganglion

a nodule on a dorsal root that contains cell bodies of neurons in afferent spinal nerves.

Dorsal Funiculi

Ventral Funiculi

Lateral Funiculi

Dura mater

outer meninx; tough single-layered membrane that is deep to the epidural space

Arachnoid mater

deep to dura mater; spider web-like

Pia mater

inner meninx; delicate and hugs the spinal cord

Cerebrospinal fluid

in subarachnoid space; cushions the spinal cord

Conus medullaris

inferior end of spinal cord; between vertebrae L1 and L2

Anterior median fissure

wide deep grove on the anterior surface of the spinal cord

Gray matter

looks like a butterfly; centrally located

Anterior gray horn

contain somatic motor neuron cell bodies

Lateral gray horn

contain cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons

Posterior gray horn

contain neuron cell bodies that receive impulses from sensory neurons

White matter

surrounds the gray matter; made up of white, myelinated fibers that are either sensory or motor