Intrinsic Back Muscles (Deep)

Splenius Capitis and Cervicis Origin

Nuchal ligament

Splenius Capitis and Cervicis Origin

Spinous processes of C7-T6 vertebrae

Splenius Capitis Insertion

Mastoid process

Splenius Capitis Insertion

Lateral third of superior nuchal line of occipital bone

Splenius Cervicis Insertion

Tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C3 or C4 vertebrae

Splenius Capitis and Cervicis Innvervation

Dorsal rami

Splenius Capitis and Cervicis Action

Alone: laterally flexes neck and rotates head side to side of active muscles

Together: extend head and neck

Erector Spinae Group - Origin

Posterior part of iliac crest

Erector Spinae Group - Origin

Posterior surface of sacrum

Erector Spinae Group Origin

Sacral and inferior lumbar spinous processes

Erector Spinae Group - Origin

Supraspinous ligament

Erector Spinae Group - Origin

Sacroiliac ligaments

Erector Spinae Group - Iliocostalis Insertion

Angles of lower ribs

Erector Spinae Group - Iliocostalis Insertion

Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae

Erector Spinae Group - Longissimus Insertion

Ribs between tubercles and angles

Erector Spinae Group - Longissimus Insertion

Transverse processes of thoracic and cervical vertebrae

Erector Spinae Group - Longissimus Insertion

Mastoid process of temporal bone

Erector Spinae Group - Spinalis Insertion

Spinous processes of upper thoracic region

Erector Spinae Group - Spinalis Insertion

Cranium

Erector Spinae Group Innervation

Dorsal rami

Erector Spinae Group Action

Acting bilaterally - extend vertebral column and head; as back is flexed, control movement by gradually lengthening their fibers

Acting unilaterally - laterally flex vertebral column

Transversospinales Group - Semispinalis Origin

Transverse processes of C4-T10

Transversospinales Group - Semispinalis Insertion

Occipital bone

Transversospinales Group - Semispinalis Insertion

Spinous processes in upper thoracic and cervical regions (spanning 4-6 segments)

Transversospinales Group - Semispinalis Innervation

Dorsal rami

Transversospinales Group - Semispinalis Action

Extends head and thoracic and cervical regions and rotates them contralaterally

Transversospinales Group - Multifundus Origin

Sacrum to middle cervical spine

Transversospinales Group - Multifundus Insertion

Entire length of spinous processes located 2 to 4 segments superior to origin (thickest in lumbar region)

Transversospinales Group - Multifundus Innervation

Dorsi rami

Transversospinales Group - Multifundus Action

Unilateral contraction rotates to contralateral side; stabilizes vertebrae during local movements of column

Transversospinales Group - Rotatores brevis and longus Origin

Transverse processes of vertebrae (best developed in thoracic region)

Transversospinales Group - Rotatores brevis Insertion

Spinous process of vertebrae immediately superior to vertebrae of origin

Transversospinales Group - Rotatores longus Insertion

Spinous process of vertebrae 2 segments superior to vertebrae of origin

Segmental Group - Interspinales Origin

Superior surfaces of spinous processes of cervical and lumbar vertebrae

Segmental Group - Interspinales Insertion

Inferior surfaces of spinous processes of vertebrae superior to vertebrae origin

Segmental Group - Interspinales Innervation

Dorsal rami

Segmental Group - Interspinales Action

Extension and rotation of vertebral column

Segmental Group - Intertransversarii Origin

Transverse processes of cervical and lumbar vertebrae

Segmental Group - Intertransversarii Insertion

Transverse processes of adjacent vertebrae

Segmental Group - Intertransversarii Innervation

Dorsal rami and anterior rami

Segmental Group - Intertransversarii Action

Lateral flexion of column; acting bilaterally: stabilize column

Suboccipital Group - Obliquus capitis superior Origin

Transverse process of C1

Suboccipital Group - Obliquus capitis superior Insertion

Occipital bone between the superior and inferior nuchal lines

Suboccipital Group - Obliquus capitis inferior Origin

Spinous process of C2

Suboccipital Group - Obliquus capitis inferior Insertion

Transverse process of C1

Suboccipital Group - Rectus capitis posterior major Origin

Spinous process of C2

Suboccipital Group - Rectus capitis posterior major Insertion

Lateral part of inferior nuchal line of occipital bone

Suboccipital Group - Rectus capitis posterior minor Origin

Posterior tubercle of C1

Suboccipital Group - Rectus capitis posterior minor Insertion

Medial part of inferior nuchal line on occipital bone

Suboccipital Group Innervation

Suboccipital nerve (C1 dorsal rami)

Suboccipital Group Action

Extend head on C1, rotate head on C1 and C2 vertebrae