Citizenship and Equality and Freedoms WEEK 2 unit 2

14th Amendment

1. Citizenship for citizens except native

2. Guaranteed due process from state gov

3. equal protection of laws from all state

dawes act and its actual goal

gave native benefits of land ownership and education

goal: intergrate to american mainstream society

termination policy

a government withdrawing recognition of Native American groups as legal entities

subject to same laws as white citizen

how were treaties treated towards natives

ignored

jim crow laws

allows segregation of people of different races

in south

Separate but equal

segregate africans aslong as equal facilities

de facto segregation

segregation by custom or tradition

Brown v. Board of Education

segregation in school unconstitutional

rule "separate but equal" not applicable for education

thurgood marshall

The NAACP's Chief legal counsel and eventual Supreme court Justice

crisis in little rock

arkansas national guard called in to prevent integration of 9 african sudents in all white school

president eisenhower called in 1000 troops to escort 9 african in school

sit ins

africans sit in resaurants that was white only

rational basis

a test where judges uphold a law or practice that treat some poeple differntly than others if there is a rational basis for differnt treatment

Strict Scrutiny

based off if group been discriminated on race/national orgin/citizen status

Loving v. Virginia

invalidated laws prohibiting interracial marriage

substantive due process

laws have to be fair

cannot interfere w fundemental or basic rights

Incorporation Doctrine

due process clause (14th amendment) req states and local gov to guarantee citizens the rights in bill of rights

selective incorporation

court cases that apply Bill of Rights to states

why militia created

defend agaisnt threast succh as GReat britain and native americans

idea behind 2nd amendment

a way for citizens to defend themselves agaisnt tyrannical gov

gun control

regulating gun ownership

Gun Control Act of 1968

prohibits certain persons from buying or possessing guns

The Bipartisan Safer Communities Act (2022)

funding for state school safety and crisis intervention programs

New York State Rifle & Pistol Association v. Bruen (2022)

expand gun owner ship

have gun for self defnese outside home

District of Columbia v. Heller (2008)

attempt by washinton dc district to restict handgun ownership

deemed unconstitional

1978 Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA)

req federal gov obtain warrant but permits wiretapping domestic phones computer lines for intelligence purpose

2001 Patriot Act

broaded definition of terrorist and expand gov power to detain,investigagte,and prosecute suspected terrorists