ApWorld Unit 1

song dynasty

(960-1279) a Chinese dynasty; lead china in great wealth, political stability & fine artistic and intellectual achievements

also developed the greatest manufacturing capability in the world

imperial bureaucracy

a vast organization in which appointed officials carried out the empires policy

started by qin dynasty (221-207BCE)

Civil service exam

exam to obtain a job in bureaucracy based on knowledge of confucian text

meritocracy

chinas bureaucratic system where officials obtained their positions by demonstrating their merit on civil service exams

allowed for upward social mobility

How did bureaucracy lead to the decline of china

it created so many jobs and by paying officials so generously the cost of government increased too far

tang dynasty

promoted agricultural development improved roads and canals encouraged foreign trade and spread technology

grand canal

expensive and efficient internal waterway transportation system that extended over 30,000 miles

gunpowder

the first gunpowder weapons were made by the song dynasty and spread through the silk roads

champa rice

a fast ripening and drought resistant strain of rice from the champa kingdom in present day Vietnam

expanded agricultural production

innovative methods of production

use of manure

irrigation systems

new heavy plows

black earth

coal

discovered in 4th century - allowed more cast iron goods production

steel

from black earth

used for - bridges, gates, ships, religious items, and to strengthen agricultural equipment

pronto-industrialization

a set of economic changes in which people in rural areas made much more goods than they could sell

artisans

skilled craftworkers

who became the worlds most commercialized society

china

how did the song promote economic growth

by increasing money circulation through paying people to build public projects

tributary system

an arrangement in which other states had to pay money or provide goods to honor the emperor

kowtow

a ritual in which you bow your head to the floor for the emperor and was expected of the tributary state rep

cosmopolitan metropolises

active centers of commerce with many entertainment options

what were chinas largest cities

chang’an

hangzhou

port city of guanzhou

scholar gentry

a new social class created by bureaucracy of aristocrats

aristocracy/ artistocrat

landowners who inherited their wealth & educated in confucian philophy

Foot binding

a tradition done to young girls where their feet are bind so tightly the bones dont grow naturaly

bound foot

signified social status, restricted mobility, & womens ability to participate in public atmosphere