AP Psychology: Topic 2.8 - Intelligence and Achievement

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19 Terms

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Intelligence

the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations

<p>the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations</p>
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g (general intelligence)

a hypothetical factor that accounts for overall differences in intellect among people

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Intelligence quotient (IQ)

a total score derived from a set of tests designed to assess human intelligence, originally stated as the ratio of mental age to chronological age multiplied by 100

<p>a total score derived from a set of tests designed to assess human intelligence, originally stated as the ratio of mental age to chronological age multiplied by 100</p>
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Mental age

the age level of an individual's mental ability based on the age an average person would reach the same level of mental attainment

<p>the age level of an individual's mental ability based on the age an average person would reach the same level of mental attainment</p>
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Chronological age

the number of years since a person's birth

<p>the number of years since a person's birth</p>
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Standardization

the use of uniform procedures in test administration to ensure that all participants take the same test under the same conditions and are scored by the same criteria (norms)

<p>the use of uniform procedures in test administration to ensure that all participants take the same test under the same conditions and are scored by the same criteria (norms)</p>
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Validity

the extent to which results from a test are accurate and represent something useful

<p>the extent to which results from a test are accurate and represent something useful</p>
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Construct validity

the extent to which a test or measure accurately assesses what it's supposed to

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Predictive validity

the extent to which a test or other measurement can predict a future outcome

<p>the extent to which a test or other measurement can predict a future outcome</p>
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Reliability

the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternate forms of the test, or on retesting

<p>the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternate forms of the test, or on retesting</p>
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Test-retest reliability

a method for determining the reliability of a test by comparing a test taker's scores on the same test taken on separate occasions

<p>a method for determining the reliability of a test by comparing a test taker's scores on the same test taken on separate occasions</p>
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Split-half reliability

a measure of reliability in which a test is split into two parts and an individual's scores on both halves are compared.

<p>a measure of reliability in which a test is split into two parts and an individual's scores on both halves are compared.</p>
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Stereotype threat

the apprehension experienced by members of a group that their behavior might confirm a cultural stereotype (e.g., "I'm a girl, so that means I'll probably be bad at math")

<p>the apprehension experienced by members of a group that their behavior might confirm a cultural stereotype (e.g., "I'm a girl, so that means I'll probably be bad at math")</p>
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Stereotype lift

improvement of a group's test performance due to not being part of a negative stereotype (e.g., "I'm not a girl, so that means I'll probably be OK at math")

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Flynn Effect

the worldwide phenomenon that shows intelligence test performance has been increasing over the years

<p>the worldwide phenomenon that shows intelligence test performance has been increasing over the years</p>
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Achievement tests

tests that measure a person's existing knowledge and skills

<p>tests that measure a person's existing knowledge and skills</p>
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Aptitude tests

tests designed to predict a person's future performance (i.e., the capacity to learn)

<p>tests designed to predict a person's future performance (i.e., the capacity to learn)</p>
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Fixed mindset

a person's belief that they have a set amount of an ability that cannot change

<p>a person's belief that they have a set amount of an ability that cannot change</p>
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Growth mindset

a person's belief that their abilities can change and improve through effort

<p>a person's belief that their abilities can change and improve through effort</p>