government unit 3

dual federalism

A form of American federalism in which the states and the nation operate

independently in their own areas of public policy.

cooperative federalism

A form of American federalism in which the states and the national

government work together to shape public policy.

Regulated Federalism

a form of federalism in which the national government imposes strict national standards, rules, and regulations on state and local governments

enumerated powers

the explicit, specific authorities granted to the U.S. federal government

implied powers

powers not explicitly written in the U.S. Constitution, but are assumed to exist so the federal government can carry out its enumerated powers

reserved powers

political powers that are not granted to the national government by the constitution, nor prohibited to the states, and are retained by the states or the people

concurrent powers

political and legal authorities shared by both the federal government and state governments in a federal system.

shared powers

authority and responsibilities that are held and exercised simultaneously by both the federal (national) government and state governments

Article 1 Section 8

outlines the specific, enumerated powers granted to the U.S. Congress

Article 1 Section 10

outlines the powers denied from the states

supremacy clause

Article VI, Clause 2 of the U.S. Constitution that establishes the U.S. Constitution, federal statutes, and U.S. treaties as the "supreme Law of the Land

commerce clause

a provision in Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 of the U.S. Constitution that gives Congress the power "to regulate Commerce with foreign Nations

necessary and proper clause

empowers Congress to enact laws required to execute its enumerated powers

mcculloch v. maryland

The Supreme Court ruled that the Federal Government had the right and power to set up a federal bank (implied powers) and that states did not have the power to tax the Federal Government.

gibbons v ogden

John Marshall and the Supreme Court would affirm the exclusive authority of Congress to regulate interstate commerce.

US v Lopez

it reverses the trend toward expanding national power and reaffirms state police powers under the Tenth Amendment in a 5-4 vote

marbury v madison

established the principle of judicial review—the power of the federal courts to declare legislative laws and executive actions unconstitutional.

gitlow v. new york

a landmark U.S. Supreme Court case that established the incorporation doctrine (or selective incorporation) by ruling that the First Amendment's protection of free speech and free press applies to state governments through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

gonzalez v. riach

U.S. Supreme Court ruled in a 6–3 decision that Congress can criminalize the production and use of homegrown cannabis under the Commerce Clause

categorical grants

federal money given to state and local governments that can be used only for narrowly defined, specific purposes and comes with strict federal rules, guidelines, and oversight

block grants

a large sum of federal money given to state and local governments with few strings attached and broad discretion on how to spend it within a general policy area

revenue sharing

a form of fiscal federalism where the federal government distributes a portion of its tax revenues to state and local governments with virtually no strings or conditions attached

1st amendment

freedom of speech, religion, and press

2nd amendment

right to bear arms

13th amendment

abolished slavery

14th amendment

defines citizenship, guarantees equal protection under the law, and protects due process rights

15th amendment

prohibits the federal government and state governments from denying any citizen the right to vote "on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude