the great turn

pravda in 1931 “100 years in 10 speech”

• to modernise to prevent defeat to other countries

• russia backwards to international rivalry

• prevent foreign invasion

• socialism in one country- modernise or be crushed

• needs of the state not needs of the people- military, rapid industrialisation

• paralelle to aleksander III wittes system

failure of NEP (reason for great turn)

• not developing an industrial, proletarion and urban and socialist society

• peasants (80% of population) showed no sign of becoming socialists- can’t rely to produce grain

• 1927: failing to produce growth

• 1927-28: crisis in grain procurement- down 25% since previous years

political compromise of NEP

• majority of party members accepted but didnt like NEP

• 5 year plan- turn to revolution

• “true socialism”- develop industry, not reliant on grain or peasants

living standards

• shortages

• unemploymeny

• low living standards

war scores/ international circumstances

• fear of invastion

• 1927: diplomatic relations with france/ poland deteriorated

• suspicion over jaoam

• need modern industrial base to manufacture ammunition

• wanted to build “socialism in one country”

• wanted soviet union less dependent on western manufactured goods

ideology building socialism

• land to be socialised through collectivisation- no longer owned by individual peasants

• industrialisation would lead to growth of proletariot

• build strong self- sufficient state