4.1 - Plate Techtonics

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Last updated 1:06 AM on 9/11/26
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7 Terms

1
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What are plate boundaries?

The Earth is composed of 3 Layers

  • Lithosphere (Crust)

    • Plates sit on the crust (Denser layers)

    • Hard Plate

  • Asthenosphere (Upper Mantle)

    • Softer

  • Mesosphere (Lower Mantle)

    • Hard

-Plates are the less dense upper part of the crust floating on the denser lower part

  • This process is called convection


<p>The Earth is composed of 3 Layers</p><ul><li><p><u>Lithosphere</u> (Crust)</p><ul><li><p>Plates sit on the crust (Denser layers)</p></li><li><p>Hard Plate</p></li></ul></li><li><p><u>Asthenosphere</u> (Upper Mantle)</p><ul><li><p>Softer</p></li></ul></li><li><p><u>Mesosphere</u> (Lower Mantle)</p><ul><li><p>Hard</p></li></ul></li></ul><p>-Plates are the less dense upper part of the crust floating on the denser lower part</p><ul><li><p>This process is called <u>convection</u></p></li></ul><p> </p><p></p>
2
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Convergent Plate Boundaries

  • Plates are pushing towards each other

  • Subduction: When one plate falls below the other

    • Typically causes volcanoes

  • Releases magma

  • May cause earthquakes


<ul><li><p>Plates are pushing towards each other</p></li><li><p><u>Subduction</u>: When one plate falls below the other</p><ul><li><p>Typically causes volcanoes</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Releases magma</p></li><li><p>May cause earthquakes</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Divergent Plate Boundaries

  • Plates drive away from each other

  • Softer mantle gets pushed up

    • May lead to ridges and volcanoes

  • Typically causes sea floor spreading

  • May cause earthquakes (less frequent than converging)


<ul><li><p>Plates drive away from each other</p></li><li><p>Softer mantle gets pushed up</p><ul><li><p>May lead to ridges and volcanoes</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Typically causes sea floor spreading</p></li><li><p>May cause earthquakes (less frequent than converging)</p></li></ul><p></p>
4
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Transform or Strike/Slip Plate Boundaries

  • Plates here slide past each other

  • No ridges or volcanoes

  • More frequent but shallow earthquakes


<ul><li><p>Plates here slide past each other</p></li><li><p>No ridges or volcanoes</p></li><li><p>More frequent but shallow earthquakes</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Where are Plate Boundaries?

ex. Pacific Plate

-The ring of fire

  • Plate boundaries vary globally

    • Move in various directions

  • Each plate may have all three different plate boundaries (convergent etc.)

    • Type of plate (continental or oceanic) also play a role in the feature


<p>ex. Pacific Plate</p><p>-The ring of fire</p><ul><li><p>Plate boundaries vary globally</p><ul><li><p>Move in various directions</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Each plate may have all three different plate boundaries (convergent etc.)</p><ul><li><p>Type of plate (continental or oceanic) also play a role in the feature</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
6
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Tectonic Plates Consequences

Plates can have breaks in their surface, leading to volcanic island chains

ex. Japan, Indonesia, Hawaii

7
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Tsunamies

  • Earthquakes—> Tsunamis

  • Tsunami — Long sea wave, can also be caused by underwater landslides

  • Ecological consequences of tsunamis

    • Destroys habitats

    • Drowns species

    • Uproots trees

    • Contaminates water with saltwater and debris