STS

Martin Heidegger

“The Question Concerning Technology” - modern technology and its essence as an instrumental way of revealing the world and as conceived as a means to achieve ends

Essence

the essence of technology is not something we make; it is a mode of being or of revealing

Challenging

the mode of revealing of modern technology

Physis

arising of something from itself, a bringing-forth or poieses

Expediting

the challenging that brings forth the energy of nature; make an action or process that is 100% accomplished

Standing in Reserve

term used by Heidegger to name the things that are revealed in modern technology

Objects

things that “stand against us” as things with autonomy

Enframing

the essence of modern technology

Frame

the network of interlocking things standing in reserve

Eudaimonia

“good fortune”; “material prosperity”; a situation achieved through virtue, knowledge, and excellence

Eudaimonia

constituted not by honor or wealth power but by rational activity in the virtues of character, the intellectual virtues, mutually beneficial friendships, and scientific knowledge

Plato’s Three Motivating Parts of the Soul

Rational, Spirited, Appetitive

Aristotle’s View

all humans seek to flourish - the proper and desired end of all of our actions

Four Aspects of Human Nature

Physical, Emotional, Social, and Rational

Living Rationally (Consciously)

means dealing with the world conceptually and implies respect for the facts of reality

Plato and Socrates

emphasized on virtue

Epicurus

emphasized on pleasure

Aristotle

views the good life as happiness

Christian Martyrs

went singing to their deaths confident that they would soon be in heaven

Hindus

expect that the law of karma will ensure that their good deeds and intentions will be rewarded

Hedonism

view that pleasure is what makes life worth living

Epicure

someone who is especially appreciative of food and drink

Hedonist

suggests that they are devoted to what some have called the lower pleasures such as sex, food, drink, and sensual indulgence in general

Hedonistic Conception

arguably dominant in Western Culture. It emphasizes subjective experiences. In this view, to describe a person as happy means that they feel good.

Happiness

something we value not as a means to some other end but for its own sake. It has intrinsic value rather than instrumental value

Michael Soupios and Panos Mourdoukoutas

written the Ten Golden Rules on Living a Good Life

Theory of Forms

proposes that universals do not physically exist like objects but as heavenly forms

Platonism

the meaning of life is attaining the highest form of knowledge which is the Idea of the Good

Public Good

public in the sense that the beneficiaries are the general public

Robot

“androids”; a combination of different attributes such as mobility, intelligent behavior, sense, and manipulation of environment

Robota

work from Slavic language

Mechanical Human (Ancient Time)

as depicted in Greek Mythology

Servants of Greek God Hephaestus (God of Fire and the Forge)

built robots out of gold which where his helpers and life-sized golden handmaidens who helped around the house

Pygmalion

carefully crafted a statue of Galatea that would come to life

Leonardo da Vinci (1495)

sketched plans for a humanoid robot

Social Robot

infant versions, at best, of the long-hoped-for androids

Materialism

organisms are made simply of various types of matter; a philosophical system which regards matter as the only reality in the world

Three Laws of Robotics

(1) May not injure a human being; (2) Must obey any orders given to it by human beings; (3) Must protect its own existence

South Korea

considered one of the most high-tech countries in the world and they are leading the way in the development of the Robot Ethics Charter

Aibo

Sony’s higher-end robot which sold well

30%

the risk of human extinction according to Philosopher John Leslie

Happiness

the exercise of vital powers along lines of excellence in a life affording them scope.

The Information Age

brought about a time period in which people could access information and knowledge easily which began in 1970s

Pre-Gutenberg Period

most people lived in isolated villages and news passed from one person to another, often in the form of rumor

The Information Age

brought about a time period in which people could access information and knowledge easily which began in 1970s

Pre-Gutenberg Period

most people lived in isolated villages and news passed from one person to another, often in the form of rumor

Latin

the universal language of scholarship, the law, and the Roman Catholic Church

The Gutenberg Press

movable type printing used metal stamps of single letters that could be arranged into words, sentences, and pages of text

Gutenberg Revolution

the printing press made it possible to produce books much more quickly and cheaper than ever before.

Post- Gutenberg Period

The Gutenberg printing press caused a dramatic social and cultural revolution. The sudden widespread dissemination of printed works – books, tracts, posters, and papers – gave direct rise to the European Renaissance. It led to the Protestant revolution, the Age of Enlightenment, the development of Modern Science, and Universal Education.

Twitter

a microblogging and social networking service on which users post and interact with messages known as tweets.

Instagram

a photo and video-sharing social networking service

LinkedIn

a business and employment-oriented online service that operates via websites and mobile apps

Facebook

originally designed for college students. Facebook makes it easy for people to connect and share with family and friends online.

TikTok

a video-sharing social networking service

YouTube

an online video-sharing platform

Empowerment vs Enslavement:

Connectedness vs Threat to privacy.

Independent vs Dependence:

Autonomy vs Dependency on gadgets.

Fulfills needs vs Creates needs:

Resolving problems vs Introducing new ones.

Competence vs Incompetence:

Access to information vs Decline in memory and articulation.

Engaging vs Disengaging:

Engagement with technology vs Less engagement with family.

Public vs Private:

Blurring lines between public and private communication.

Illusion vs Disillusion:

More communication doesn't always mean better communication.

Biodiversity

the variety of life and refers collectively to variation at all levels of biological organization

Habitat Loss

humans rely on technology to modify their environment and make it habitable. Elimination of other species’ habitats will kill them.

Overharvesting

overhunting, overfishing, and overharvesting contribute greatly to the loss of biodiversity, killing off numerous species over the past several hundred years

Invasive Species

can threaten other species through competition for resources, predation or disease

Exotic Species

species that have been intentionally or unintentionally introduced by humans into an ecosystem in which they did not evolve

Climate Change

recognized as a major extinction threat, particularly when combines with other threats such as habitat loss.

Biotechnology

a set of techniques that involves biological processes and living organisms for industry, agriculture, or other activities. Its purpose is to modify the natural and biological processes of living organisms without necessarily altering the genes or genetic construct of the living organisms.

Genetically Modified Organisms

the common term used for genetically engineered organisms

Longer-Lasting Papayas

Institute of Plant Breeding in UPLB developed delayed-ripening papaya that is resistant to ring-spot virus (PRSV)

Protein Enriched Copra Meal (PECM)

feed protein for tilapia, milkfish, and shrimp aquaculture

Tomato-Leaf Curve Virus (ToLCV) Resistant Variety

IPB of UPLB has developed tomato breeding line resistant to ToLCV in the hope of reviving tomato’s robust production in the country

Bt Corn

engineered to be specifically resistant to the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis, the most devastating corn pest in the country.

Genetic Contamination

introduced GMOs may interbreed with the wildtype and the novel trait may disappear in wild types unless it confers a selective advantage to the recipient

Nanotechnology

applies science and materials at the nanoscale

Single Electron Transistor (SET)

spin valves and magnetic tunnel junctions

Smart Sensors

nanomaterials-based sensors that are able to detect and rectify problems

Nanocylinders

storage of hydrogen gas in vehicles that uses hydrogen as fuels

Nanoliposomes

used as a vesicular delivery system. Liposomes are concentric bilayer vesicles. The first liposomal cosmetic was the anti-aging cream “Capture” manufactured by Dior.

Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs)

are nm-sized particles with a solid lipid matrix. SLNs are tested in perfume formulations.

Dendrimers

were used in a formula patented by L’Oreal that forms a thin film when deposited on a substrate

Atherosclerosis

can be treated by nanotechnology through nanoparticles that mimic the body’s good cholesterol

Antimicrobial Resistance

a big problem because bacteria are no longer susceptible to the treatments developed to kill the and outbreaks can occur that cannot be managed

Nanocomposite Films

aims to extend the self-life of fresh and processed produce, aid the clarification of juices, and improve whey protein production

Cells

the basic building blocks of all living things

Genes

small segments of deoxyribonucleic acid that are considered the biological units of heredity

Gene Therapy

one of the emerging scientific advances that provides a new treatment paradigm for genetic disorders and diseases

Gene Augmentation Therapy

involves adding DNA that contains a functional version of the lost gene back into the cell

Gene Inhibition Therapy

used to transfer a gene whose product either inhibits the expression of another gene or interferes with the activity of the product of another gene.

Killing of Specific Cells

the aim of this approach is to insert a gene into a diseased cell that causes the cell to die

Suicide Gene

produces highly toxic products that ultimately kill the cell

Stem Cells

cells capable of developing into many different types of cells in the body and play a vital role in the repair system of the body.

Stem Cell Therapy

any treatment that uses cells for the treatment of several diseases or disorders

Climate Change

a broad range of global phenomena created predominantly by burning fossil fuels, which ass heat-trapping gases to Earth’s atmosphere.

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC)

adopted as the basis for a global response to the problem