The Atlantic Slave Trade

Crusades

A series of religious military campaigns launched by Latin Catholic Christians to recover and defend the Holy Land from Muslim rule

Lançarote de freitas

He captured 235 young woman and girls which was the first large group of African slaves taken to Europe

Bartholomew Diaz

Is the first European to sail around the bottom of Africa

Vasco da Gama

The First European to sail to Asia and back, completing the goal established by Prince Henry

Slave Factory

Permanent, fortified trading posts and holding prisons along the West African coast during the transatlantic slave trade

Reasons for the slave trade

Their were massive labor demands for new world plantations and slaves were extremely profitable

Reasons for high death rates

The three main reasons were disease, violence, and suicide

Tight pack

Slaves would be lying on there sides

Loose pack

Slaves would be lying on their backs (this was the best case scenario)

Impact of the slave trade in Africa

This caused a massive population drain and caused there to be way more girls and elders in Africa than boys which shifted the family structures

Slave ship Zong

Was famous for throwing slaves overboard with weights attached to them so they could get insurance money for the slaves that drowned

Seasoning slaves

After being sold, slaves were not ready to work yet, so they needed “seasoning.” A way to describe it is “breaking wills” and “teaching skills”

Some tactics for “breaking wills”

Whipping/beating, withholding food, and changing the slave’s names

Some tactics for “teaching skills”

Basic language skills and job/task skills

Manual labor

Physical work done by humans using their hands, body, and muscular strength

Manumission

The formal, voluntary act of a slave owner releasing an enslaved person

Muslim slavery practices

Muslim merchants often captured Africans and sold them as slaves because the ownership of a slave showed wealth. Muslims in Africa had been engaged in slave trade for more than 600 years before the arrival of European slave traders

European contact with Africa

At first they traded for African goods such as gold and salt. But soon they set their sights on a more valuable trade good, slaves

Prince Henry the navigator

He offered a contest to reward the first captain who sailed a ship to Asia and back

Portuguese slave trade

The kidnapping, purchase, and forced transportation of millions of Africans by the Portuguese Empire

Atlantic slave trade

The forced migration of an estimated 10 million to 12.5 million enslaved African people across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas

Triangular trade

A trade route where America gave Europe Raw materials, Europe gave Africa manufactured goods, and Africa gave America slaves. It was very profitable for everyone

Middle passage

The voyage that transported an estimated 10 to 12.5 million enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas

Olaudah Equiano

He was captured and sold into slavery at the age of 11. He later wrote about his capture and life as a slave

Slavers

A ship used for transporting enslaved people

Slave ship Brookes

A ship that had a max capacity of 451 slaves but carried 600 slaves on one voyage and 609 on another

Destinations of African slaves

They went to South America and the Caribbean

African diaspora

The global collection of communities of people of African descent living outside their ancestral continent

Cash crops

An agricultural plant grown specifically to be sold for a profit

Implemented

To put a plan, policy, law, or decision into effect

Maroons

Formerly enslaved Africans who escaped captivity in the Americas and the Caribbean

Slave activities in Latin America

They were cleaned, given medical attention, and given exercise and good food

Slave activities in british north america

They were forced to do heavy labor all day

Estevanico

The first recorded African, Arab, and Muslim explorer to cross North America on foot

Jean baptiste point du sable

the first permanent non-Indigenous settler and founder of Chicago.

African cultural impact in the Americas

They fundamentally shaped the continent's music, language, religion, agriculture, cuisine, and social movements

Creoles

American born slaves who were already seasoned. Worth the most amount of money

New Africans

Africans just off the ship and not yet seasoned. Worth the least amount of money

Old Africans

Africans that had just been seasoned but were from Africa

How many Africans were shipped (alive) to the Americas

between 10-12 million

The main product produced by slaves in the Caribbean

Sugar