Studied by 52 peopleif the global warming trend continues, predict the average temp in 2020
14.9
a star in the location indicated in the diagram is most likely
an older star
a lowering of global temperatures caused by dust blocking solar radiation can be triggered by
volcanic eruptions
an extended period of well below normal rainfall
drought
what causes the dark bands observed in a solar spectrum
different chemical elements which absorb light at specific wavelengths
precipitation in the form of balls or lumps of ice
hail
a tornado lasts 9 min, is 80 m wide, and has wind speeds of 109 km/h. whats the intensity level
EF0
when its orbit elongates, earth passes closer to the sun and climates become
warmer
whether the day will be rainy or dry can be predicted somewhat accurately by a long term forecast at what range
one-three day
when estimating the distance of stars from earth, astronomers use the fact that nearby stars shift as observed from earth, which is called
parallax
at the time indicated in this diagram, what season is it in the southern hemisphere
winter
what zone is point b located in
temperate zone
what type of air was at point a and point b to produce this front
cold air at point a and warm air at point b
lines on a map that connect points of equal pressure are
isobars
as the earth revolves and the north pole tilts towards the sun, what season would the southern hemisphere experience
winter
how fast must the winds of a tornado be traveling to be classified as an EF4 tornado
267+ km/h
as water vapor rises in the atmosphere, it cools and changes into liquid cloud droplets in a process called
condensation
an air mass that has high -- resists rising
stability
what is the constant movement of water between the atmosphere and earths surface
water cycle
a scientist comparing the properties of a large number of different stars could expect to find the most variation in the data describing the stars
luminosity
when the polarity of the suns magnetic field is taken into account the solar activity cycle lasts
22 years
low pressure systems are usually associated with -- weather
cloudy and rainy
what air temperature and relative humidity produces the same apparent temperature as when the air temperature is 90 f and the relative humidity is 40%
85 f, 70%
a mound of water driven toward coastal areas by hurricane winds is called
storm surge
which of the following conditions does not contribute to the formation of hail
the dissipation of warm moist air at the earths surface by downdrafts
a star that starts with more than about 20 times the suns mass will
collapse forever and become a black hole
condensation nuclei are particles of atmospheric dust around which
cloud droplets form
a lunar eclipse occurs when the moon passes through the earths
shadow
the hot and humid weather in texas during the summer is most likely due to what type of air mass
maritime tropical
our timekeeping system is based on the
solar day
most of earths atmosphere is composed of
nitrogen and oxygen
the tides on earth are caused by the gravitational pull of the
moon and sun
the change in wave frequency as it moves toward or away from an observer is the
doppler effect
the apparent shift in a stars position caused by the motion of the observer is called
parallax
galaxies that are not flattened into disks and dont have spiral arms are called
elliptical galaxies
the resistance of a stars core being squeezed halts the collapse of the core becomes a
neutron star
calculate the range below the highest and lowest temperatures
1.2 f
when moist winds approach a mountain, they often drop rain as they rise over the mountain, and come down on the other side much
warmer and drier
if the following line represents unshifted light from a star, which of these shows how the light waves would change if the star started moving away from the observer
b (doppler effect so line is spread out)
what direction is the wind moving
northeast
hail forms in part because of the presence of
supercooled water droplets
an -- thunderstorm forms because of unequal heating of earths surface within one air mass
air mass
studies indicate that periods of low sunspot activity, like the --, correspond to unusually cold climate conditions
maunder minimum
in orographic lifting, clouds form when moist winds
encounter mountains
which sentence explains how the frequency and the wavelength of electromagnetic waves are related
as wavelength decreases, frequency increases
at which point would the strongest winds and densest clouds of the hurricane be locates
the eyewall
what type of weather is associated with this type of front
intense precipitation and thunderstorms
where would you expect to find the strongest suit
desert
the amount of energy the atmosphere absorbs depends in part on its level of
carbon dioxide
all three possible outcomes for the universe are based on the premise that the rate of expansion has
slowed down since the beginning of the universe
earths tilt in combination with its orbit around the sun cause the
seasons
organize the pictures from warmest to coolest
b, a, c, d
which clouds would be considered low clouds
a and d
frigid air that travels southward from canada would be what type of air mass
continental polar
the constant movement of water between the atmosphere and earths surface is
the water cycle
which sentence best summarizes hubbles law
the greater the distance to the galaxy, the greater its velocity
two climates that are the same latitude may be different because of
bodies of water
the milky way and andromeda are both
galaxies
scientists measure distances to stars to observe how stars interact with one another to
determine which stars are gravitationally bound to each other
constellations are
groups of stars named after animals, mythological characters, or everyday objects
the sun has the following composition
27% helium, 71% hydrogen, and 2% other
maritime air masses originate over
oceans
current, short-term variations in the atmosphere are referred to as
weather
the coriolis effect is due to the -- of the earth
rotation
which is not a condition that must exist in order to produce a thunderstorm
a source of wind
at what point do scientists classify an areas weather as its climate
30 years
if the temperature is 35 c and the relative humidity as 25% how much water vapor is in the air
10 g/m^3
a widely used climate classification is the
knöppen system
in orographic lifting, clouds form when moist winds
encounter mountains
water vapor in the atmosphere is the source of
clouds and rain
an air mass takes on its source regions
temperature and humidity
which of the following is a characteristic of a population 2 star
trace amounts of heavy elements
if the global warming trend continues, the effects on the planet could include
a rise in sea level
narrow bands of fast high-altitude westerly winds are
jet streams
the universe began as a point and has been expanding ever since is called the
big bang theory
all public schools in a local city are free when the heat index is at least 95 f. what is the minimum amount of relative humidity needed for public schools to be free if the air temperature is 85 f
60%
which air mass produces seattles heavy winter precipitation
maritime polar, north pacific ocean
the -- of a star determines its temperature, luminosity, and diameter
mass
a scientist who discovered a galaxy could use the following diagram to classify the galaxy according to its --
shape
when the temperature in the atmosphere reaches the -- condensation occurs
dew point
what type of weather will the western coast of south america experience during this short-term climate change
warm and wet
cloud droplets collide to form larger droplets in a process called
coalesence
the phenomenon in which the effects of cold air are worsened by wind is the
windchill factor
a star that is gravitationally bound to another star can either be a part of a star cluster or a -- star
binary
the timeline shows the sequence of events that occurs during the formation of a star. what is the correct label for the blank in the diagram
nuclear fusion begins
what short term climate change is being demonstrated in the diagram
el nino
warmer summers and colder winters in the northern hemisphere could occur in seven thousand years because
earth wobbles on its axis
the burning of fossil fuels releases large amounts of -- into the atmosphere, which contributes to global warming
carbon dioxide
most scientists agree that global warming is occurring but they mainly disagree about
what is causing it
if a pot of water were heated from the top it would
boil slower as the heated water would stay at the top and not warm the water below
what are the three possible outcomes of the universe
open universe, closed universe, flat universe
climactic changes may be triggered by changes in earths axis and
orbit
the rising, moist updrafts and the falling, cool downdrafts form a convection cell that produces the -- associated with thunderstorms
winds
what is the barometric pressure in milibars
1026.4
a weather instrument that measures temperature is a
thermometer
which natural phenomena will over the next 13,000 years gradually cause the northern hemisphere to experience summer during todays current winter
earths wobble
recent observations show that the rate of expansion of the universe is
speeding up
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