fzw astronomy/meterology final 2022

anderson 2022

if the global warming trend continues, predict the average temp in 2020

14.9

a star in the location indicated in the diagram is most likely

an older star

a lowering of global temperatures caused by dust blocking solar radiation can be triggered by

volcanic eruptions

an extended period of well below normal rainfall

drought

what causes the dark bands observed in a solar spectrum

different chemical elements which absorb light at specific wavelengths

precipitation in the form of balls or lumps of ice

hail

a tornado lasts 9 min, is 80 m wide, and has wind speeds of 109 km/h. whats the intensity level

EF0

when its orbit elongates, earth passes closer to the sun and climates become

warmer

whether the day will be rainy or dry can be predicted somewhat accurately by a long term forecast at what range

one-three day

when estimating the distance of stars from earth, astronomers use the fact that nearby stars shift as observed from earth, which is called

parallax

at the time indicated in this diagram, what season is it in the southern hemisphere

winter

what zone is point b located in

temperate zone

what type of air was at point a and point b to produce this front

cold air at point a and warm air at point b

lines on a map that connect points of equal pressure are

isobars

as the earth revolves and the north pole tilts towards the sun, what season would the southern hemisphere experience

winter

how fast must the winds of a tornado be traveling to be classified as an EF4 tornado

267+ km/h

as water vapor rises in the atmosphere, it cools and changes into liquid cloud droplets in a process called

condensation

an air mass that has high -- resists rising

stability

what is the constant movement of water between the atmosphere and earths surface

water cycle

a scientist comparing the properties of a large number of different stars could expect to find the most variation in the data describing the stars

luminosity

when the polarity of the suns magnetic field is taken into account the solar activity cycle lasts

22 years

low pressure systems are usually associated with -- weather

cloudy and rainy

what air temperature and relative humidity produces the same apparent temperature as when the air temperature is 90 f and the relative humidity is 40%

85 f, 70%

a mound of water driven toward coastal areas by hurricane winds is called

storm surge

which of the following conditions does not contribute to the formation of hail

the dissipation of warm moist air at the earths surface by downdrafts

a star that starts with more than about 20 times the suns mass will

collapse forever and become a black hole

condensation nuclei are particles of atmospheric dust around which

cloud droplets form

a lunar eclipse occurs when the moon passes through the earths

shadow

the hot and humid weather in texas during the summer is most likely due to what type of air mass

maritime tropical

our timekeeping system is based on the

solar day

most of earths atmosphere is composed of

nitrogen and oxygen

the tides on earth are caused by the gravitational pull of the

moon and sun

the change in wave frequency as it moves toward or away from an observer is the

doppler effect

the apparent shift in a stars position caused by the motion of the observer is called

parallax

galaxies that are not flattened into disks and dont have spiral arms are called

elliptical galaxies

the resistance of a stars core being squeezed halts the collapse of the core becomes a

neutron star

calculate the range below the highest and lowest temperatures

1.2 f

when moist winds approach a mountain, they often drop rain as they rise over the mountain, and come down on the other side much

warmer and drier

if the following line represents unshifted light from a star, which of these shows how the light waves would change if the star started moving away from the observer

b (doppler effect so line is spread out)

what direction is the wind moving

northeast

hail forms in part because of the presence of

supercooled water droplets

an -- thunderstorm forms because of unequal heating of earths surface within one air mass

air mass

studies indicate that periods of low sunspot activity, like the --, correspond to unusually cold climate conditions

maunder minimum

in orographic lifting, clouds form when moist winds

encounter mountains

which sentence explains how the frequency and the wavelength of electromagnetic waves are related

as wavelength decreases, frequency increases

at which point would the strongest winds and densest clouds of the hurricane be locates

the eyewall

what type of weather is associated with this type of front

intense precipitation and thunderstorms

where would you expect to find the strongest suit

desert

the amount of energy the atmosphere absorbs depends in part on its level of

carbon dioxide

all three possible outcomes for the universe are based on the premise that the rate of expansion has

slowed down since the beginning of the universe

earths tilt in combination with its orbit around the sun cause the

seasons

organize the pictures from warmest to coolest

b, a, c, d

which clouds would be considered low clouds

a and d

frigid air that travels southward from canada would be what type of air mass

continental polar

the constant movement of water between the atmosphere and earths surface is

the water cycle

which sentence best summarizes hubbles law

the greater the distance to the galaxy, the greater its velocity

two climates that are the same latitude may be different because of

bodies of water

the milky way and andromeda are both

galaxies

scientists measure distances to stars to observe how stars interact with one another to

determine which stars are gravitationally bound to each other

constellations are

groups of stars named after animals, mythological characters, or everyday objects

the sun has the following composition

27% helium, 71% hydrogen, and 2% other

maritime air masses originate over

oceans

current, short-term variations in the atmosphere are referred to as

weather

the coriolis effect is due to the -- of the earth

rotation

which is not a condition that must exist in order to produce a thunderstorm

a source of wind

at what point do scientists classify an areas weather as its climate

30 years

if the temperature is 35 c and the relative humidity as 25% how much water vapor is in the air

10 g/m^3

a widely used climate classification is the

knöppen system

in orographic lifting, clouds form when moist winds

encounter mountains

water vapor in the atmosphere is the source of

clouds and rain

an air mass takes on its source regions

temperature and humidity

which of the following is a characteristic of a population 2 star

trace amounts of heavy elements

if the global warming trend continues, the effects on the planet could include

a rise in sea level

narrow bands of fast high-altitude westerly winds are

jet streams

the universe began as a point and has been expanding ever since is called the

big bang theory

all public schools in a local city are free when the heat index is at least 95 f. what is the minimum amount of relative humidity needed for public schools to be free if the air temperature is 85 f

60%

which air mass produces seattles heavy winter precipitation

maritime polar, north pacific ocean

the -- of a star determines its temperature, luminosity, and diameter

mass

a scientist who discovered a galaxy could use the following diagram to classify the galaxy according to its --

shape

when the temperature in the atmosphere reaches the -- condensation occurs

dew point

what type of weather will the western coast of south america experience during this short-term climate change

warm and wet

cloud droplets collide to form larger droplets in a process called

coalesence

the phenomenon in which the effects of cold air are worsened by wind is the

windchill factor

a star that is gravitationally bound to another star can either be a part of a star cluster or a -- star

binary

the timeline shows the sequence of events that occurs during the formation of a star. what is the correct label for the blank in the diagram

nuclear fusion begins

what short term climate change is being demonstrated in the diagram

el nino

warmer summers and colder winters in the northern hemisphere could occur in seven thousand years because

earth wobbles on its axis

the burning of fossil fuels releases large amounts of -- into the atmosphere, which contributes to global warming

carbon dioxide

most scientists agree that global warming is occurring but they mainly disagree about

what is causing it

if a pot of water were heated from the top it would

boil slower as the heated water would stay at the top and not warm the water below

what are the three possible outcomes of the universe

open universe, closed universe, flat universe

climactic changes may be triggered by changes in earths axis and

orbit

the rising, moist updrafts and the falling, cool downdrafts form a convection cell that produces the -- associated with thunderstorms

winds

what is the barometric pressure in milibars

1026.4

a weather instrument that measures temperature is a

thermometer

which natural phenomena will over the next 13,000 years gradually cause the northern hemisphere to experience summer during todays current winter

earths wobble

recent observations show that the rate of expansion of the universe is

speeding up