Phagocyte Capture and Destruction

Q: What are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)? a) Receptors on adaptive immune cells b) Receptors on innate immune cells that recognize PAMPs c) Antibodies on B cells d) T-cell receptors

Answer: b

Q: What are PAMPs? a) Antibodies produced by B cells b) Proteins on host cells c) Molecules characteristic of a broad range of microbes not normally present in the body d) Cytokines produced by T cells

Answer: c

Q: What are examples of PAMPs? a) Host cell membrane proteins b) Antibodies c) Cytokines d) Bacterial cell wall components and viral or bacterial nucleic acids

Answer: d

Q: What are the five types of innate immune cell receptors? a) TLRs, lectins, scavenger receptors, cytosolic innate receptors, opsonin receptors b) TCRs, BCRs, MHC, CD4, CD8 c) Antibodies, cytokines, chemokines, interferons, complement d) Integrins, selectins, ICAMs, cadherins, connexins

Answer: a

Q: What are Toll-like receptors (TLRs)? a) Cytoplasmic receptors b) Transmembrane proteins on cell surface and endosomes c) Secreted proteins d) Nuclear receptors

Answer: b

Q: What PAMP does lipopolysaccharide (LPS) represent? a) Gram-positive bacteria b) Viruses c) Gram-negative bacteria d) Fungi

Answer: c

Q: What PAMP does lipoteichoic acid represent? a) Gram-negative bacteria b) Viruses c) Parasites d) Gram-positive bacteria

Answer: d

Q: What do lectins bind? a) Carbohydrates common to pathogen cell surfaces b) Nucleic acids c) Proteins d) Lipids

Answer: a

Q: What does CD206 recognize? a) Viral RNA b) Sulfated sugars and polysaccharides with terminal mannose, fucose, or N-acetylglucosamine c) Bacterial DNA d) Lipopolysaccharide

Answer: b

Q: Where are scavenger receptors SR-A and SR-B found? a) On T cells b) On B cells c) On macrophages d) On NK cells

Answer: c

Q: What do scavenger receptors bind? a) Positively charged ligands b) Nucleic acids c) Antibodies d) Negatively charged ligands such as sulfated sugars, lipoteichoic acid, lipopolysaccharide

Answer: d

Q: What do cytosolic innate receptors recognize? a) Intracellular cytosolic PAMPs such as viral nucleic acids and bacterial signaling molecules b) Extracellular pathogens c) Antibodies d) Cytokines

Answer: a

Q: What does RIG-1 recognize? a) Bacterial DNA b) Viral RNA c) Fungal cell wall d) Parasite proteins

Answer: b

Q: What do NOD-like receptors (NLRs) recognize? a) Viral RNA b) Antibodies c) Bacterial cell wall components in the cytosol d) Cytokines

Answer: c

Q: What do opsonin receptors do? a) Produce antibodies b) Activate T cells c) Form physical barriers d) Coat foreign particles, pathogens, or dead cells to tag them for destruction

Answer: d

Q: What do complement receptors CR3 and CR4 bind? a) Complement proteins bound to microbial cell surfaces b) Antibodies c) Viral RNA d) Bacterial DNA

Answer: a

Q: What do Fc receptors bind? a) Complement proteins b) Immunoglobulin (antibody molecules) bound to microbial cell surfaces or soluble foreign molecules c) Viral RNA d) Bacterial cell wall components

Answer: b

Q: What does binding of opsonin receptors trigger? a) Apoptosis b) Antibody production c) Phagocytosis d) T-cell activation

Answer: c

Q: What does clustering of receptors binding to a pathogen induce? a) Apoptosis b) Antibody production c) T-cell activation d) Ingestion of the pathogen into a membrane-enclosed phagosome

Answer: d

Q: What does fusion of a phagosome with a lysosome produce? a) Phagolysosome b) Endosome c) Autophagosome d) Exosome

Answer: a

Q: What are the characteristics of a phagolysosome? a) High pH and no enzymes b) Low pH and digestive enzymes for destruction and degradation of the pathogen c) Neutral pH and antibodies d) Alkaline pH and complement proteins

Answer: b

Q: Where are TLRs that recognize extracellular ligands located? a) Endosomal membranes b) Nuclear membrane c) Plasma membrane d) Mitochondrial membrane

Answer: c

Q: Where are TLRs that recognize nucleic acids located? a) Plasma membrane b) Nuclear membrane c) Mitochondrial membrane d) Endosomal membranes

Answer: d

Q: What transcription factor do TLRs that recognize bacterial PAMPs activate? a) NFkB b) IRF3 c) IRF7 d) STAT1

Answer: a

Q: What signaling pathway do TLRs that recognize bacterial PAMPs start with? a) TRIF b) MyD88 c) TRAM d) IRF3

Answer: b

Q: What transcription factors do TLRs that recognize nucleic acids activate? a) NFkB b) STAT1 and STAT2 c) IRF3 and IRF7 d) AP-1

Answer: c

Q: What signaling pathway do TLRs that recognize nucleic acids involve? a) MyD88 b) NFkB c) MAPK d) TRIF and TRAM

Answer: d