M1 Bonsall- Populations I: Distributions - fundamental and realised niche and climate envelopes

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Last updated 9:57 AM on 10/16/26
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4 Terms

1
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what is a fundamental niche?

  • the full range of environmental conditions over which a viable population can occupy and use without any other limiting factors constraining the population


use exponential population models (including eg. temperature dependent)


<ul><li><p>the full range of environmental conditions over which a viable population can occupy and use <strong>without </strong>any other limiting factors constraining the population</p></li></ul><p></p><p>use exponential population models (including eg. temperature dependent)</p><p></p>
2
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what is a realised niche?

  • the full range of environmental conditions that a viable population can occupy and use when there are limiting factors (both biotic and abiotic) constraining the population

  • the realised niche may change when a species moves to a different environment, limiting factors aren’t fixed

  • niche breadth is also limited by density dependence introducing inter and intraspecific competition

  • hutchinson defined a niche as a region in a multidimensional space of environmental factors within which a species can live

    • however, this is subjective and not always known/measurable + niches change in a life cycle/in different geographical regions


use logistic models + 2-species competition models


<ul><li><p>the full range of environmental conditions that a viable population can occupy and use when there <strong>are </strong>limiting factors (both biotic and abiotic) constraining the population</p></li><li><p>the realised niche may <strong>change </strong>when a species moves to a different environment, limiting factors aren’t fixed</p></li><li><p>niche breadth is also limited by <strong>density dependence </strong>introducing inter and intraspecific competition</p></li><li><p>hutchinson defined a niche as a region in a multidimensional space of environmental factors within which a species can live</p><ul><li><p>however, this is subjective and not always known/measurable + niches change in a life cycle/in different geographical regions</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p><p>use logistic models + 2-species competition models</p><p></p>
3
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what are climate envelopes?

  • climate envelope modelling uses climate variables to make spatial predictions of environmental suitability for a species

  • taking a simple account of presence/absence (no abundance), habitat and climate data to create a prediction map of current climate suitability ranges, and then extrapolating the prediction map under a future climate

  • best to include indigenous knowledge of weather patterns, behaviour + distributions

  • however species distributions are also affected by processes of acclimatisation and plasticity, as well as interactions with other species


<ul><li><p>climate envelope modelling uses climate variables to make spatial predictions of environmental suitability for a species</p></li><li><p>taking a simple account of <strong>presence/absence</strong> (no abundance), habitat and <strong>climate </strong>data to create a <strong>prediction map </strong>of current climate suitability ranges, and then <strong>extrapolating </strong>the prediction map under a <strong>future climate</strong></p></li><li><p>best to include indigenous knowledge of weather patterns, behaviour + distributions</p></li><li><p>however species distributions are also affected by processes of acclimatisation and plasticity, as well as interactions with other species </p></li></ul><p></p>
4
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