Art History Course Required Works of Art

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering essential works of art, major artists, and key monuments across Ancient, Medieval, Early Modern, and Contemporary art as outlined in the art history syllabus.

Banner of Ur

An ancient Mesopotamian artwork included among the required works for Ancient Art.

Law Code Stele of King Hammurabi

An ancient Mesopotamian monument bearing the codified laws of King Hammurabi.

Dying lioness from Nineveh

An ancient Mesopotamian relief sculpture from the Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal, depicting a wounded lioness.

The Palette of Narmer

An ancient Egyptian ceremonial artifact listed among the essential works of Ancient Art.

Ka-aper (Sheikh el-balad)

An ancient Egyptian wooden statue from the Saqqara Necropolis, preserved in the Egyptian Museum, Kairo.

Neferetiti Bust

An ancient Egyptian portrait sculpture housed in the Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Ägyptisches Museum und Papyrussammlung.

Polykleitos

Ancient Greek sculptor whose required works include Doryphoros and Diadumenos.

Phidias

Ancient Greek sculptor associated with Athena Varvakeion (copy of his sculpture), Centaur killing Lapita (Parthenon metope), and the frieze fragment depicting Apollon, Poseidon and Artemis.

Praxiteles

Ancient Greek sculptor known for Apollon Sauroktonus, Aphrodite of Knidia, and Hermes with baby Dionysus.

Lysippus

Ancient Greek sculptor associated with Athlete (Apoxyomenos) and Resting Ares.

Ara Pacis

An ancient Roman monumental altar founded by Emperor Augustus.

Augustus of Prima Porta

An ancient Roman marble statue depicting Emperor Augustus.

Bayeux Tapestry

An embroidered medieval textile depicting historical events, listed under Medieval Art.

Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry

A medieval illuminated manuscript containing 'the Meeting of The Three Kings near Jerusalem'.

Giotto di Bondone (Angiolo di Bondone)

Medieval Italian painter whose listed works include The Exorcism of the Demons at Arezzo, as well as Joachim and Anne Meeting at the Golden Gate, Nativity, Lamentation (The Mourning of Christ), and The Annunciation in Padua.

Ambrogio Lorenzetti

Medieval painter recognized for the fresco work The Allegory of Good and Bad Government.

Jan van Eyck

Medieval Northern painter whose listed masterworks are Madonna of Chancellor Rolin, Arnolfini Portrait, and the Ghent Altarpiece.

Rogier van der Weyden

Medieval painter whose required works include St Luke painting the Virgin and The Descent from the Cross.

Hieronymus Bosch

Medieval painter known for Adoration of the Magi, The Garden of Earthly Delights, and Boat of Fools (Ship of Fools).

Matthias Grünewald (Mathis Gothard-Neithard)

Medieval painter known for creating The Isenheim Altarpiece.

Sandro Botticelli

Early Modern Italian artist whose required work is The Birth of Venus.

Raphael (Raffaello Sanzio)

Early Modern Italian master whose required works are Madonna with a Goldfinch, Portrait of Fornarina, and School of Athens.

Michelangelo Buonarroti

Early Modern master sculptor and painter whose required works are Bacchus, David, Pietà, The Last Judgment, and Creation of Adam.

Leonardo da Vinci

Early Modern Renaissance polymath whose required paintings are Madonna in the Grotto, Mona Lisa, and The Last Supper.

Albrecht Dürer

Early Modern Northern master whose works include Apocalypse, Self-portrait, Melancholy, Rhinoceros, Passion, and The Knight, Death and the Devil.

Giuseppe Arcimboldo

Early Modern painter whose works include Flora, the Four Seasons, the Four Elements, Rudolf II as Vertumnus, Cook-still life (reversible painting with pieces of meat), and Librarian.

Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio

Early Modern Italian painter known for Bacchus, Beheading of St John the Baptist, Narcissus, Amor Victorious (Amor Vincit Omnia), Supper at Emmaus, The Entombment of Christ, and The Crucifixion of St Peter.

Diego Velázquez

Early Modern Spanish court painter whose required works are Las Meninas, Pope Innocent X, and The Infanta Margarita Teresa in a Blue Dress.

Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn

Early Modern Dutch master whose required works include Bathsheba at Her Bath, Slaughtered Ox (The Carcase of an Ox), Self-portrait, The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp, The Return of the Prodigal Son, The Night Watch, and Susanna at the Bath.

Johannes Vermeer

Early Modern Dutch painter whose listed works include Girl with a Pearl Earring, Woman Reading a Letter, Young Woman with a Water Pitcher, Woman with a Pearl Necklace, Woman Holding a Balance (Weighing Pearls), The Love Letter, The Milkmaid, and View of Delft.

Francisco Goya

Early Modern Spanish artist whose works include Charles IV of Spain and His Family (The Family of Carlos IV), The Naked Maja (La maja desnuda), The Clothed Maja (La maja vestida), and The Third of May, 1808 (The Execution).

Caspar David Friedrich

Early Modern Romantic landscape painter whose listed works are Woman at the Window, Cross in the Mountains (Tetschen Altar), Monk by the Sea, and Chalk Cliffs on Rügen.

Constantin Brâncuşi

Contemporary sculptor whose listed works include The Endless Column, Chimera, Princess X, The Kiss, The Portrait of Mlle Pagan, and Bird in Space (The Golden Bird).

Christo and Jeanne-Claude

Collaborative artistic pair (Christo Wladimirow Jawaszew and Jeanne-Claude Denat de Guillebon) known for large-scale environmental works including Running Fence, Valley Curtain, Wrapped Bottle, The Pont Neuf Wrapped, The Iron Curtain, and The Gates.

Marcel Duchamp

Contemporary artist whose listed works include The Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors, Even; Nude Descending a Staircase (No. 2); Étant donnés: 1° la chute d'eau / 2° le gaz d'éclairage; Fountain; Bicycle Wheel; and LHOOQ.

Vincent van Gogh

Contemporary artist whose listed paintings include The Potato Eaters, Reapers' Rest, The Bedroom, Self-portrait, The Evening Walk, and The Night Café (Le café de nuit).

Edouard Manet

Contemporary painter whose works include The Balcony, A Bar at Folie-Bergère, The Blonde with Bare Breasts, Olympia, and The Luncheon on the Grass.

Claude Monet

Contemporary Impressionist painter whose listed works are La Gare Saint-Lazare, Impression, Sunrise, Rouen Cathedral, Water Lilies, Haystacks, and Snow at Argenteuil.

Kasimir Malevich

Contemporary Suprematist artist whose works include Black Square (Black Square on a White Ground), Suprematist Composition, Red Cavalry, Torso in a Yellow Shirt, and Eight Red Rectangles.

Andy Warhol

Contemporary Pop artist whose required works include 129 Die in Jet (Plane Crash), Campbell's Soup Cans, Self-portrait, Marilyn Monero, Pansies, Dollar Bills, Coca-cola, and Electric Chair.