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Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) Symptoms

Urinary frequency, urgency, nocturia, hesitancy, weak stream, and sensation of incomplete bladder emptying.

BPH Physical Assessment (DRE)

Digital Rectal Exam reveals a large, rubbery, nontender prostate gland.

BPH Medication Contraindications

Avoid anticholinergics, antihistamines (Benadryl), and decongestants, as they decrease bladder tone and cause severe urinary retention.

Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP)

Surgical removal of inner prostate tissue via the urethra (no external incision). Benchmark treatment for BPH.

Continuous Bladder Irrigation (CBI) Purpose

Used post-TURP via a 3-way Foley catheter to keep the bladder clear and prevent blood clots from obstructing the urethra.

CBI Nursing Intervention (Obstruction)

If the catheter becomes obstructed by a clot, turn off the CBI and manually irrigate with 50 mL using a large piston syringe.

Post-TURP Foley Traction

The large balloon (35-40 mL) is taped tightly to the leg to apply pressure to the prostatic fossa, preventing hemorrhage. This causes a continuous urge to urinate.

Erectile Dysfunction (Psychogenic vs. Organic)

Psychogenic: anxiety, fatigue, depression. Organic: vascular disease, diabetes, hyperthyroidism, trauma, medications.

Sildenafil (Viagra) Action & Side Effects

PDE-5 inhibitor. Relaxes smooth muscle to increase blood flow. Side effects: Headache, flushing, dyspepsia.

Sildenafil Absolute Contraindication

STRICTLY contraindicated with Nitrates (Nitroglycerin). Taking both causes profound, lethal hypotension.

Priapism

A persistent, abnormal, and painful erection lasting > 4 hours. Requires emergency medical treatment (aspiration) to prevent penile ischemia.

Epididymitis Care

Infection of the epididymis. Treat with antibiotics, ice packs, bed rest, and scrotal elevation/support to prevent traction on the spermatic cord.

Orchitis

Acute inflammation of the testes, often a complication of systemic infection like the Mumps.

Vasectomy Post-Op Teaching

Use ice packs and scrotal support for swelling. Sterility is NOT immediate (takes 10-20 ejaculations). Use alternative birth control until a 3-month sperm count confirms sterility.

Testicular Self-Examination (TSE)

Perform once a month after a warm bath/shower when the scrotum is relaxed. Gently roll the testis to feel for pea-like lumps.

Gender Dysphoria

Distress resulting from incongruence between one's experienced gender and sex assigned at birth.

Transgender Female

A person assigned male at birth who identifies as female.

Transgender Male

A person assigned female at birth who identifies as male.

Feminizing Hormone Therapy (M to F)

Estrogen + Androgen blockers (Spironolactone). Goal: Develop female secondary sex characteristics.

Estrogen Therapy Risks (M to F)

High risk for Venous Thromboembolism (DVT/PE), cardiovascular disease, weight gain, and migraines. Tobacco cessation is mandatory.

Masculinizing Hormone Therapy (F to M)

Testosterone therapy. Anticipated changes: acne, voice deepening, facial hair, clitoromegaly, increased muscle mass.

Testosterone Therapy Risks (F to M)

High risk for Erythrocytosis (Hct > 50%), liver toxicity, stroke, and myocardial infarction (MI).

Cancer Screening in Transgender Patients

Routine cancer screenings (e.g., breast, cervical, prostate) must be conducted based on the patient's CURRENT retained anatomy, regardless of their gender identity.