Learn: chem unit 1

kilo (k)

1,000 m

deci (d)

10 dm= 1 m

centi (c)

100 cm=1 m

milli (m)

1000 mm= 1 m

micro (mc or u)

1000000 mc= 1 m

nano (n)

1000000000n=1m

conversion factor

desired unit= given (desired/given)

converting celsius to kelvin

add 273

solid to gas

sublimation

gas to solid

deposition

gas to liqud

condensation

liquid to gas

vaporization

exact number

a definition or counting objects

inexact number

measurement

decimal place (sig fig)

count every digit starting with the first non zero digit

no decimal place (sig fig)

don't count zeros at the end

adding and subtracting sig figs

round to fewest decimal places

multiplying and dividing sig figs

fewest sig figs

density formula

d=m/v

H

hydrogen (nonmetal)

2. He

Helium, noble gas

3. Li

Lithium (metal)

4. Be

beryllium (metal)

5. B

boron (semi metal)

6. C

Carbon (nonmetal)

7. N

nitrogen (nonmetal)

8. O

oxygen (nonmetal)

9. F

fluorine (hallogen)

10. Ne

neon (noble gas)

11. Na

Sodium (metal)

12. Mg

Magnesium (metal)

13. Al

aluminum (metal)

14. Si

Silicon (metal)

15. P

phosphorus (nonmetal)

16. S

sulfur (nonmetal)

17. Cl

chlorine (halogen)

18. Ar

argon (noble gas)

19. K

potassium (metal)

20. Ca

calcium (metal)

21. Sc

Scandium (transition metal)

22. Ti

titanium (transition metal)

23. V

vanadium (transition metal)

24. Cr

chromium (transition metal)

25. Mn

Manganese (transition metal)

26. Fe

iron (transition metal)

27. Co

cobalt (transition metal)

28. Ni

nickel (transition metal)

29. Cu

copper (transition metal)

30. Zn

zinc (transition metal)

31. Ga

gallium (transition metal)

35. Br

Bromine (halogen)

47. Ag

silver (transition metal)

79. Au

gold (transition metal)

53. I

Iodine (halogen)

80. Hg

mercury (transition metals)

50. Sn

tin (metal)

82. Pb

lead (metal)

nucleus of atom

protons and neutrons

electron cloud

electrons

atomic number

number of protons

mass number

number of protons and neutrons in one isotope

isotope numbers

top= # of protons and neutrons, bottom= # of protons, protons=electrons if there is no charge

cation

takes away electrons, more positive, metals, element + ion

anion

gains electrons, more negative, nonmetals, root +ide

electron configuration

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6

group

up and down columns

period

horizontal rows

atomic size

increases top to bottom and right to left

electronegativity

increases bottom to top and left to right

ionic bond

electrons are transferred as ions form (steal electrons) nonmetal and metal, cation and anion

covalent bond

electrons are share, nonmetal and nonmetal, molecules

naming variable charge ionic compound

cation name + roman numeral + anion name

Carbonate

CO3²-

ammonium

NH4+

Sulfate

SO4²-

hydrogen carbonate

HCO3-

hydroxide

OH-

Phosphate

PO4³-

Acetate

CH3COO-

nitrate

NO3-

Chlorate

ClO3-

Nick the Camel ATE a Clam Supper in Phoenix

number of consonants:# of oxygens, number of vowels: negative charge of the ion

molecule

neutral group of atoms held together by covalent bonds

tetra

four prefix

penta

5 prefix

duet rule

hydrogen only forms one bond

nonpolar covalent bond

electrons are shared equally

polar covalent bond

electrons are shared unequally, more electronegative= more polar

which atom is never central

hydrogen

linear shape

2 electron groups, 180 degrees

trigonal planar

3 electron groups, 120 degrees

tetrahedral

4 electron groups,109.5 degrees

trigonal pyramidal

4 electron groups, 1 lone pair on central atom, 107 degrees

bent

4 electron groups, 2 lone pairs on central atom, 104.5 degrees

molecular polarity of a nonpolar molecule

bond dipoles cancel

molecular polarity of a polar molecule

bond dipoles do not cancel