questions from chapter 13

What are the brain nuclei?

Brain nuclei are clusters of neuronal cell bodies that form portions of the gray matter of the CNS,

Name the structure that connects the third ventricle to the fourth ventricle. In what part of the brain stem is this structure located?

The third ventricle is connected to the fourth ventricle through the cerebral aqueduct, located in the midbrain.

Which part of the adult brain develops from the telencephalon? From the mesencephalon?

The telencephalon forms the cerebrum, and the mesencephalon forms the midbrain.

What are the copora quadrigemina

The corpora quadrigemina are four brain nuclei located on the dorsal surface of the midbrain involved with auditory and visual reflexes.

Name the structure that connects the two cerebellar hemispheres.

The vermis connects the two cerebellar hemispheres. (worm like)

To which region of the brain do the thalamic neurons send thier axonal fibers?

Axonal fibers from the thalamic neurons extend t the cerbral cortex.

What part of the diencephalon functions as the main control center? what is meant by the phrase visceral control?

the hypothalamus is the main visceral contro center. Visceral control refers to regulation of the activities of the visceral organs, including autonomic motor acitvity and endocrine functions.

What is the difference in function between a primary sensory cortex and sensory association area?

The primary sensory cortex enable conscius awareness of a sensation. the sensory association area places the sensory stimulus into a context that gives meaning to the stimulus.

which functional area of the cerebral cortex plans complex movements? which area signals the execution of these movements?

the premotor cortex plans complrex movements. The primary motor cortex signals the execution of these movements.

difine cotralateral projection

Refers to the crossing over of never fibers to the opposite side of the body, such that the right side of the body is controlled or perceived by the left side of the brain.

what deficits may result from injury to the occipital lobe?

The vvisuaa cortex and association area are located in the occipital lobe. Visual dificits would result from injury to this region.

Name the white fiber tracts that connect the cerebral cortex to more caudal regions of the CNS.

Projection fivers connect the cerebral cortex to more caudal regions of the CNS

From where do the reticular nuclei receive input? To where do they project?

The reticular nuclei receive input from all major ascending sensory tracts. These nuclei project the cerebru (via relyas through the thalamus), thus maintaining alertness.

what emotional response does the amygdaloid body stimulates?

They amygdala is the brain nuclues for processing and responding to fear.

Name the dura matter extension that lies in the longitttudinal fissure

The falx cerebri lies in the longitudinal fissure.

where is the cerebrospinal fluid produced? How is it returned into the blood?

Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by the choroid plexuses in the roof of the brain ventricles. CSF returns to the blood vascular system through the arachnoid granulations, which empty iiiiiiiiiiiiinto the dural sinuses.

What neural structures pass through the vertebral foramen in the region of lumbar vertebra L3?

Lumbar spinal neeerves L3-L5 and sacral spinal nerves S1-S5 pass through the vertebral foramen of lumbar vertebra L3

Which portion of the spinal cord, gray matter or white matter , provides the two-way conduction pathway for signals between the body and the brain?

White matter provides the two-wwa conduction pathway between the brain and spinal cord.

What deficits result if the ventral horn of the spinal cord in the lower cervical segment is dagmaged?

Somatic motor neurons to the muscles of the upper limb are located in the ventral horn of the lower cervical segments. Paralysis of these muscle would result from damage to this region of the spinal cord.

Which two meninges border the space that is filled with cerebrospinal fluid?

Cerebrospinal fluid is located in tth subarachnoid space, which is located deep to the arachnoid mater and superficail to tth pia mater.