peri parturient problems

Pre parturient problems - colic dx + difficulties

Rectal, abd US, abd centesis

Large foal

Pre parturient problems - Types of colic

Foal movment

GI colic

Foaling/ aborting

Ischaemia/ necrosis/ rupture of caecum / colon

Pre parturient problems - Foal movement colic features

Medical colic → phenylbutazone, buscopan

Pre parturient problems - How to check for foaling colic

Cervix open in vaginal exam

Pre parturient problems - Cause of Ischaemia/necrosis/rupture of caecum and colon

Foal applying pressure to viscera → stretch BV

Pre parturient problems - CS of Ischaemia/necrosis/rupture of caecum and colon

Peritonitis, endotoxaemia

Pre parturient problems - uterine torsion timing

3rd trimester

Pre parturient problems - uterine torsion dx

1 tight broad lig with rectal palp

Twist cr to cervix so not vaginal exam

Pre parturient problems - uterine torsion tx

Sx - standing flank laparotomy / GA midline laparotomy

Causes of overalrge mare

Ven oedema

Pre pubic tendon rupture

Hydrops amnion/ allantois

Fat

Pre parturient problems - uterine torsion prognosis

50% foal

70% mare

Ven oedema - cause

Lymph drain compression by foal

Ven oedema - When to tx

Unwell mare

Non uniform oedema

Painful

Pre pubic tendon rupture - cause

Foetus weight → pre pubic tendon tears →dropped belly + oedema

Pre pubic tendon rupture - CS

Painful oedema continuous with udder

Bloody discharge in milk

Colicky

Recumbent

Pre pubic tendon rupture - Tx

Phenylbutazone

Foaling assistance / C-section

Pre pubic tendon rupture - Prognosis

Resolve with foaling but dont breed again

Hydrops amnion/ allantois - def

Excessive fluid in allantoic/ amniotic space → colic, dyspnoea, recumbent, circulatory collapse, deformed foal

Hydrops amnion/ allantois - Dx

Fluid filled uterus in rectal

Hydrops amnion/ allantois - Tx

Induce/ abort

Dilate cervix → drain slowly

IVFT

Placentitis - causes

Strept, E. coli, Aspergillus

From cervix

How to check foal alive via rectal

Foal movement

Placentitis - CS

Premature udder development, lactation, vaginal discharge

Abortion

Placentitis - Dx

CS

US - placental thickening

Cervical swabs

Placentitis - Tx

Potentiated sulphonamides

Bute

Varicose veins - CS (often no issue to mare so no tx needed)

Vaginal bleeding

Issue with preg for orthopaedics

Inc weight → exacerbate effects

Phenylbutazone in preg / lactation

Crosses placenta + through milk

Safety not established

No effect on oestrus cycles

Dystocia - kit to bring

Sed

Ket, clenbuterol, buscopan

LA

Doxapram

Foaling ropes

Lube

Hibiscrub

Needles/ syringes

Clothing

Dystocia - Methods of mare restraint

Sed

Twitch

Clenbuterol, buscopan

What to initially check mare for in Dystocia

Shock, H

Dystocia - How long to try before next step - C-section, GA

15min

Dystocia - Which procedure to avoid as cervix damage

Embyotomy

Dystocia - controlled vaginal delivery

GA + HL hoisted up → more room to rearrange legs

Uterine rupture / tear - effects

Foal into abd

H

Peritonitis

Endotoxaemia

Uterine rupture / tear - Dx

CS, rectal/vaginal exam, US, peritoneal tap

Uterine rupture / tear - Tx

Peritonitis → meds

Ex lap + repair

Red bag delivery - def

Failure of allanto chorion to rupture → foal asphyxiates

Red bag delivery - Tx

Puncture allanto chorion + clear foal nostril

Perineal laceration - when is repair needed

Disrupt anatomy

Perineal laceration - Drugs to give

AB, NSAID, tetanus

3rd degree Perineal laceration - features

Foal foot penetrate rectum + anus → rectum, vulva, vagina communicate

AB, NSAID, tetanus

Repair after breakdown + granulation tissue (4-6w)

Cervical lacerations - when to repair

Uterus involuted + less infl (1mon post partum)

Post partum colic - safety considerations

Foal safety

Post partum colic - Types

Uterine cramps

GI colic

Ischaemia/ necrosis/ rupture of caecum/ colon

Uterine horn inversion

Colonic torsion

Uterine a rupture

Post partum colic - Uterine cramps CS + tx

No endotoxaemia

Buscopan, Bute

Post partum colic - Causes of inversion of uterine horn

Forceful foaling/ removal of membranes

Post partum colic - CS of inversion of uterine horn

Reoccurs with analgesia

Uterine prolapse

Post partum colic - tx of inversion of uterine horn

Analgesia, smooth m relaxant (buscopan, clenbuterol), manual replacement, uterine lavage

Post partum colic - colonic torsion common timing

2w post partum

Post partum colic - colonic torsion casue

Inc space in abd post foaling

Post partum colic - colonic torsion Colic type

Sx

Post partum colic - uterine a rupture CS + effects

H into broad lig/ abd

H shock

Poor response to analgesia

Post partum colic - uterine a rupture Dx

Palp board lig → swelling

US

Post partum colic - uterine a rupture Tx

Analgesia

Keep quiet + relaxed

IVFT/ blood transfusions

Clotting agents

Uterine prolapse - cause

Excessive traction on foal, retained membranes, exhaustion, difficult foaling

Uterine prolapse - Effects

Uterine BV rupture → H

metritis, endotoxaemia

Uterine prolapse - Tx

Clean

Replace with epidural

Oxytocin

Broad AB, nsaid

Retained foetal membranes - normal timing

<2hr post foaling

Retained foetal membranes - Abnormal timing needing tx

>4hrs post foaling

Retained foetal membranes - effects

Decompose → Metritis → endotoxaemia → laminitis, death

Retained foetal membranes - Tx

Oxytocin, broad AB, flunixin

Tetanus cover

Manual removal - traction on allantois, lavage + recheck if retained fragment

Turn out

Retained foetal membranes - Common breeds

Heavy (shire)

Metritis - cause

Partially retained placement, contamination in foaling

Metritis - Effects

Endotoxaemia, laminitis

Metritis - Tx (same as retained membranes)

AB, nsaid, oxytocin, lavage

Hypocalcaemia - CS

Recumbent, m fasciculations, tetany, diphragmatic flutter

Orphan foals - management

Colostrum , milk replacer, bottle/ teat, feeding protocol, foster mare, don’t hand rear