Mader Biology 14th Edition — Chapter 7 — Multiple Choice and True/False Review

Chapter 7, original question 1. The first event in the Calvin cycle is the attachment of carbon dioxide to the five-carbon RuBP molecule, which decreases cell carbon dioxide levels, which increases the diffusion gradient. True or False?

TRUE.

Chapter 7, original question 3. Photorespiration is the process by which light is used to release the stored energy in carbohydrate molecules to perform all work in plant cells. True or False?

FALSE.

Chapter 7, original question 4. Which of the following plants is an example of a CAM plant? A) pineapple B) wheat C) corn D) oak tree E) rice

A) pineapple.

Chapter 7, original question 6. What structure is required for an eukaryotic organism to be classified as an autotroph? A) nucleus B) Golgi body C) chloroplast D) mitochondria

C) chloroplast.

Chapter 7, original question 7. Why are plants green? A) They absorb only green wavelengths of light. B) They reflect the colors of the visible light spectrum and absorb all of the wavelengths associated with the ultraviolet spectrum. C) They absorb only yellow and blue wavelengths of light, which when mixed within the leaf, give plants their characteristic green color. D) They reflect green wavelengths of light and absorb other colors of the visible light spectrum. E) They reflect all of the ultraviolet wavelengths and absorb all of the visible light spectrum.

D) They reflect green wavelengths of light and absorb other colors of the visible light spectrum.

Chapter 7, original question 8. Phosphoenolpyruvatecarboxylase (PEPCase) fixes carbon dioxide (C 1) to PEP (C 3) to form oxaloacetate(C 4) within mesophyll cells of the C 4 plants. True or False?

TRUE.

Chapter 7, original question 9. Characterize these reactions involved in the Calvin cycle. A) These are reactions involved in the regeneration of RuBP. The reactions include an exergonic reaction (ATP breaks down into ADP) and the reduction of the coenzyme NADPH. B) These reactions areinvolved in the fixation of CO 2. Energy isrequired in the form of ADP, which is hydrolyzed to ATP. The substrate BPG isoxidized, while the coenzyme NADPH is reduced. C) These reactions are part of the light reactions in a noncyclic pathway. ATP and NADPH are used during these reactions. D) These reactions areinvolved in the reduction of CO 2. Energy isrequired in the form of ATP, which is hydrolyzed to ADP. The substrate BPG isreduced, while the coenzyme NADPH is oxidized.

D) These reactions areinvolved in the reduction of CO 2. Energy isrequired in the form of ATP, which is hydrolyzed to ADP. The substrate BPG isreduced, while the coenzyme NADPH is oxidized.

Chapter 7, original question 10. A product of photosynthesis, _____, is the chief source of energy for most organisms. A) glucose B) All of the answer choices. C) sucrose D) oxygen

A) glucose.

Chapter 7, original question 11. Which is most closely associated with the Calvin cycle? A) removal of electrons from water for passage through an electron transport system B) ATP production C) oxygen production D) carbon dioxide fixation E) carbon dioxide production

D) carbon dioxide fixation.

Chapter 7, original question 12. To what does the term stroma refer? A) a stack of thylakoid membrane structures B) the double membrane surrounding the chloroplast C) the fluid-filled space of the chloroplast D) a flattened disk or sac in the chloroplast E) the pores on the underside of the leaf that facilitate gas exchange

C) the fluid-filled space of the chloroplast.

Chapter 7, original question 13. The first event in the Calvin cycle is the attachment of carbon dioxide to the five-carbon RuBP molecule, which forms a six-carbon molecule that breaks down into two 3PG molecules. True or False?

TRUE.

Chapter 7, original question 14. During the light reactions, what structure is responsible for absorbing the solar energy? A) stroma B) stoma C) chloroplast D) bark of thetree

C) chloroplast.

Chapter 7, original question 15. Oxygen production in photosynthesis involves which of the following? Select all that apply. A) Calvin cycle B) light reactions C) splitting of water D) photosystem II E) photosystemI

B) light reactions; C) splitting of water; D) photosystem II.

Chapter 7, original question 16. What is the ultimate destination for the energized electrons during the light reactions of photosynthesis? A) They are taken up by NADPH to produce NADP +. B) They are taken up by NADP + to produce NADPH. C) They are taken up by NADH to produce NAD +. D) They are taken up by NAD + to produce NADH.

B) They are taken up by NADP + to produce NADPH.

Chapter 7, original question 17. Photorespiration occurs mainly in A) CAM plants. B) C 3 plants. C) All of the answer choices. D) C 4 plants.

B) C 3 plants.

Chapter 7, original question 18. Which of the following is a common photosynthetic pigment found in plants? Select all that apply. A) chlorophyll a B) carotenoids C) chlorophyll c D) chlorophyll b

A) chlorophyll a; B) carotenoids; D) chlorophyll b.

Chapter 7, original question 19. Chemiosmotic ATP synthesis occurs in the cytosol of the cell. True or False?

FALSE.

Chapter 7, original question 20. Which statement is NOT true about the noncyclic electron pathway? A) Electrons are boosted to higher energy level in photosystem I. B) Sunlight excites electrons in photosystem II. C) It produces ATP. D) It produces NADPH. E) It produces carbohydrates through carbon dioxide fixation.

E) It produces carbohydrates through carbon dioxide fixation.

Chapter 7, original question 22. Plants that conduct C 4 metabolism are desert plants. True or False?

TRUE.

Chapter 7, original question 23. _____ is a product of the Calvin cycle that is used to form glucose phosphate, amino acids or fatty acids. A) PEP carboxylase (PEPcase) B) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) C) ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) D) ATP E) carbon dioxide

B) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P).

Chapter 7, original question 24. Protons (H +) accumulate in the thylakoid space during electron transport between photosystems II and I.Which of the following describes what will happen to these protons next? A) The protons will move from the thylakoid space to the stroma through an ATP synthase complex that generates ATP. B) The protons will raise the pH of the thylakoid space until it becomes alkaline at which point the protons are pumped out of the thylakoid, generating ATP. C) The protons will reenter the electron transport chain and be used to generate water. D) The protons will diffuse out of the lipid layer surrounding the thylakoid and exit the plant during gas exchange. E) The protons will be used to oxidize NADPH to NADH, generating ATP in the process.

A) The protons will move from the thylakoid space to the stroma through an ATP synthase complex that generates ATP.

Chapter 7, original question 25. G3P (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate) can be used by plants to form which of the following? Select all that apply. A) starch B) NADPH C) carbon dioxide D) fatty acids E) amino acids

A) starch; D) fatty acids; E) amino acids.

Chapter 7, original question 26. To what does the term grana refer? A) the pores on the underside of a leaf that facilitate gas exchange B) the double membrane that surrounds the chloroplast C) a flattened disk or sac in the chloroplast D) a stack of thylakoid membranes E) the fluid-filled space of the chloroplast

D) a stack of thylakoid membranes.

Chapter 7, original question 27. The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur in the stroma of the chloroplast. True or False?

FALSE.

Chapter 7, original question 28. The function of sunlight in photosynthesis is to A) excite electrons in chlorophyll. B) fix O2 in the Calvin cycle. C) split water releasing oxygen. D) reduce NADPH to NADP. E) combine carbon dioxide and water to form ATP and NADPH.

A) excite electrons in chlorophyll.

Chapter 7, original question 29. The first event in the Calvin cycle is the attachment of carbon dioxide to the five-carbon RuBP molecule, which immediately becomes a six-carbon sugar that is the base for starch, sucrose, cellulose, etc. True or False?

FALSE.

Chapter 7, original question 30. When an electron has been excited to a higher energy state, it can then drop back to the original level, re-emitting the light as fluorescence. When chlorophyll is extracted in solution, and a bright red or blue light is shown on it, the chlorophyll fluoresces brightly. However, when the chlorophyll is packaged inside chloroplasts and the red or blue light is turned on, there is no fluorescence. This most likely indicates that A) the red and blue light waves are reflected by the chlorophyll membrane. B) chlorophyll in solution is a different molecule than chlorophyll in a chloroplast. C) green light must be used to make living cells fluoresce. D) fluorescence does not work in living cells. E) excited electrons are transferred to electron acceptors in the chloroplast.

E) excited electrons are transferred to electron acceptors in the chloroplast.

Chapter 7, original question 32. If plants were no longer able to perform the light reactions and they could only utilize the Calvin cycle, which of the following would be true? Select all that apply. A) G3P would be produced in much smaller quantities. B) Plants would not produce oxygen. C) NADPH production would decrease while ATP production increased. D) G3P would be produced in much greater quantities.

A) G3P would be produced in much smaller quantities.; B) Plants would not produce oxygen.

Chapter 7, original question 33. The fixation of carbon dioxide in the first step of the Calvin cycle is facilitated by which enzyme? A) PEP carboxylase B) RuBPcarboxylase C) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) D) lactate dehydrogenase

B) RuBPcarboxylase.

Chapter 7, original question 34. While C 4 plants have carbon dioxide fixation and carbon dioxide uptake separated by location within the plant, CAM plants A) have these processes separated by time. B) are found in tropical regions where nutrients are abundant. C) fix much greater amounts of carbon dioxide than C 4 plants. D) have these processes separated among two leaf types.

A) have these processes separated by time.

Chapter 7, original question 35. Which of the following organisms are capable of photosynthesis? A) plants and algae only B) plants and some bacteria only C) plants only D) plants, algae, and some bacteria

D) plants, algae, and some bacteria.

Chapter 7, original question 36. The first event in the Calvin cycle is the attachment of carbon dioxide to the five-carbon RuBP molecule, which is a reaction assisted by large quantities of RuBP carboxylase enzyme. True or False?

TRUE.

Chapter 7, original question 37. Fossil fuels are full of energy stored from photosynthesis millions of years ago. True or False?

TRUE.

Chapter 7, original question 39. Which of the following are characteristics of C 4 plants? Select all that apply. A) C 4 plants are found in hot, dry climates. B) C 4 plants experience more photorespiration than C 3 plants. C) C 4 plants have a net photosynthetic rate two or three times greater than C 3 plants. D) C 4 plants separate carbon fixation from the Calvin cycle. E) C 4 plants store carbon dioxide temporarily as oxaloacetate.

A) C 4 plants are found in hot, dry climates.; C) C 4 plants have a net photosynthetic rate two or three times greater than C 3 plants.; D) C 4 plants separate carbon fixation from the Calvin cycle.; E) C 4 plants store carbon dioxide temporarily as oxaloacetate.

Chapter 7, original question 41. What would happen if the stomata of a leaf remained closed all day? Select all that apply. A) Oxygen in the air spaces would increase. B) The amount of water within the air spaces would decrease. C) Photorespiration would increase in C 3 plants. D) Photorespiration would increase in CAM plants. E) Carbon dioxide in the air spaces of the leaf would decrease.

A) Oxygen in the air spaces would increase.; C) Photorespiration would increase in C 3 plants.; E) Carbon dioxide in the air spaces of the leaf would decrease.

Chapter 7, original question 42. What are the end products of photosynthesis? A) carbohydrate and water B) water and carbon dioxide C) water and oxygen D) oxygen and carbohydrate

D) oxygen and carbohydrate.

Chapter 7, original question 43. Which of the following pairs is correct? A) C 3plants = bundle sheath cells contain chlorophyll B) C4 plants = stoma contain chlorophyll C) C 4plants = bundle sheathcells contain chlorophyll D) CAM plants = epidermal cells contain chlorophyll

C) C 4plants = bundle sheathcells contain chlorophyll.

Chapter 7, original question 45. What would happen if adrug directly interferedwith the functioning of RuBPcarboxylase? A) Chemiosmosisand ATP production would cease,halting the Calvin cycle. B) Carbon dioxide would not be fixed toRuBP, stalling the Calvin cycle. C) RuBPwould not be regenerated from G3P, halting the Calvin cycle. D) Water would not be split at the start of photosystem II, halting the light reactions.

B) Carbon dioxide would not be fixed toRuBP, stalling the Calvin cycle.

Chapter 7, original question 46. Which of the following statements about the Calvin cycle is correct? A) The CO2 is absorbed and used to form ATP. B) The CO- is absorbed and reduced to CH2O. C) The CO2 is absorbed and reduced to C2H2O2. D) The CO2 is absorbed and reduced to CH2O.

D) The CO2 is absorbed and reduced to CH2O.