Cytogenetics Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards for cytogenetics based on lecture notes.

Cytogenetics

The study of chromosomes.

Chromosome

A thread-like structure made of protein and a single molecule of DNA in the nucleus.

Mitosis

Cell division where two daughter cells receive the same amount of genetic material as the mother cell.

Diploid

When a cell of an organism carries two sets of chromosomes (2n).

Autosomes

Non-sex chromosomes.

Gametes

Sex cells (sperm and egg) containing one set of chromosomes.

Homologous Chromosomes

A pair of chromosomes in a diploid organism.

Homolog

Member of a pair of chromosomes in a diploid organism.

Homology

Similarity due to ancestry.

Sister Chromatids

Two duplicated chromatids still joined together after DNA replication.

G1 Phase

Cell becomes committed to divide, and cell growth occurs.

G2 Phase

Cell synthesizes proteins for sorting and cell division; some cell growth may occur.

Mitosis

Division of the cell nucleus into two nuclei, ensuring each daughter cell receives the same amount of chromosomes.

Cytokinesis

Division of the cytoplasm, producing two daughter cells.

Meiosis

Process by which haploid cells are produced from a cell that was originally diploid.