Unit 1 Test Global

Culture

all behaviors, beliefs, customs and traditions of a population passed down from generation to generation. (the way of life)

History

the account of the past constructed from evidence that differs based on one's perspective

Enduring issue

an issue that have persisted throughout history, are difficult to solve and occur frequently

Society

people living together in organized communities with shared laws, traditions, and values

cartographer

a person who makes maps

Geographic features

naturally and artificially identifying features of the earth (biome or land form)

Demographic

study of population statistics

Entrepreneur

A person who starts up and takes on the risk of a business

belief system

a set of principles or tenets which together form the basis of a religion, philosophy, or moral code.

Globalization

The process of the world becoming more interconnected as a result of increased trade and cultural exchange.

Prehistory

the period of time before written records

artifact

an object made by a human being, typically an item of cultural or historical interest.

Animism

belief that all objects in nature have a spirit

turning point

an event that causes an important change

Revolution

A sudden and extreme change in the way people live

subsistence agriculture

Farmers grow food crops to meet the needs of themselves and their families.

domesticate

to tame; to bring plants or animals under human control

economic system

a nation's plan to answer the three economic questions

Three economic questions

What to produce? How to produce? For whom to produce?

Scarcity

Limited quantities of resources to meet unlimited wants, not enough of something

security

safety, the feeling of freedom from danger, doubt, or worry

Geography

The study of people, their environments, and their resources

Latitude

Distance north or south of the equator

Longitude

Distance east or west of the prime meridian, measured in degrees

Monsoon

A seasonal wind, brings hot dry air or rain

natural resources

Raw materials supplied by nature

Economics

A social science that deals with production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.

factors of production

Land, labor, and capital; the three groups of resources that are used to make all goods and services

Traditional Economy

An economy in which production is based on customs and traditions and economic roles are typically passed down from one generation to the next.

capitalist economy (aka.market economy)

an economic system in which the market determines production, distribution, and price decisions, and property is privately owned

command economy

An economic system in which the government controls a country's economy.

mixed economy

an economic system combining private and public enterprise.

supply

The amount of goods available

demand

Consumer willingness and ability to buy products

political map

a map that shows the names and borders of countries

physical map

A map that shows mountains, hills, plains, rivers, lakes, oceans, etc.

Archipelago

A chain of islands

Equator

0 degrees latitude

Prime Meridian

0 degrees longitude

cultural diffusion

The spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another

Mary Leakey

English paleontologist who discovered the Zinj- skull that was 1,750,000 years old (1913-1996)

Otzi the Iceman

5300 year old remains of a Neolithic man that has given much insight to life of early humans

Paleolithic Age

(750,000 BCE - 10,000 B.C.E.) Old Stone Age. A period of time in human history characterized by the use of stone tools and the use of hunting and gathering as a food source.

Neolithic Revolution

A turning point in the stone age when humans began farming.

Neolithic Age

"New Stone Age"; About 10,000 years ago marked by advances in the production of stone tools. Shift from hunting and gathering to agriculture

civilization

A society with cities, org. government, org writing, org. religion, job specialization, social classes, public works and art/architecture

River Valley Civilizations

the earliest civilizations that developed around rivers for the fresh water supply and the fertile land ex-: Tigris-Euphrates (Mesopotamia), Nile (Egypt), Indus (India), Huang He or Yellow River (China)

8 characteristics of a civilazation

Cities, organized government, organized religion, organized writing, job specialization, public works, social classes, and art/architecture

archeologist

a person who studies human history + prehistory through the excavation of sites and the analysis of artifacts and other physical remains

monarchy

queen/king

democracy

people

republic

representatives

oligarchy

small group of wealthy people

totalitarianism

absolute dictator

theocracy

controlled by religious leaders