Organelles

Prokaryotic Cells

Cells that do not contain a nucleus or any membrane-bound organelles.

Eukaryotic Cells

Cells that contain a nucleus and many membrane-bound organelles.

Organelle

A structure that performs a specific job inside the cell.

Binary Fission

The process by which prokaryotic cells divide.

Mitosis

The process by which eukaryotic cells divide.

Cytoplasm

Jelly-like substance inside cells that holds all organelles in place.

Mitochondria

Large, oval organelles that provide energy for the cell by converting organic molecules.

Cell Membrane

The film surrounding the cell that controls what enters and exits.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

A series of membranes involving transport of proteins (Rough ER) and lipids (Smooth ER).

Nucleus

The control center of the cell that contains genetic information (DNA).

Golgi Body

A series of flat, membrane-bound sacs that process and package proteins.

Ribosomes

Structures that make proteins for the cell, found in all cells.

Chloroplasts

Organelles in plant cells responsible for making sugar via photosynthesis.

Cell Wall

A rigid wall that surrounds the cell membrane in plant and some other cells.

Lysosomes

Digestive organelles that break down molecules and eliminate waste.

Vacuoles

Large organelles used for storing water and waste products.

Centrioles

Small, round organelles involved in the creation of spindle fibers during mitosis.

Vesicles

Storage bags for proteins formed from parts of the ER and Golgi apparatus.

Cytoskeleton

A structure made of proteins that provides support and movement within the cell.

Cilia

Short hair-like projections on animal cells that aid in movement.

Flagella

Long whip-like structures on animal cells that also aid in movement.