Skeletal System and Bone Development Review

Vocabulary flashcards covering skeletal system divisions, bone classifications, rib types, and ossification processes.

Central axis

The division of the skeletal system comprised of the skull, the thoracic cage (ribs and sternal bone), and the vertebrae.

Vertebrae

Bones classified as irregular bones, with 24 individual vertebrae and 26 total bones in the vertebral column.

Skull bones

A total of 22 bones (excluding the associated ossicles and the hyoid bone), consisting of 21 immobile bones and 1 mobile bone.

Mandible

The single mobile bone found within the skull.

Patella

Commonly known as the kneecap, classified morphologically as a sesamoid bone.

Tendons

Connective structures that connect muscles to bones.

Carpal bones

A group of 8 bones belonging to the appendicular skeleton and classified as short bones.

Tarsal bones

A group of 7 bones located in the appendicular skeleton and classified as short bones (referred to as tassel bones in the lecture).

True ribs

The first 7 pairs of ribs (R1 to R7), also referred to as veterosternal ribs.

False ribs

A total of 5 ribs comprising ribs 8 through 12.

Vetibrochondral ribs

Another name for the false ribs 8, 9, and 10.

Vertebral ribs

Another name for ribs 11 and 12 (floating ribs), so called because they attach posteriorly to the vertebrae but do not connect anteriorly to costal cartilages or the sternum.

Osteogenesis

Another term for ossification, the process of forming osseous tissue that begins in embryonic development at 6 to 7 weeks (the second month or first trimester).

Intramembranous ossification

A type of ossification process that involves 5 steps.

Endochondral ossification

A type of ossification process that involves 7 steps and occurs in long bones such as the tibia.

Tibia

A bone located in the leg, classified as a long bone, which undergoes endochondral ossification.