Behavior quiz 2

chp 5-8

Causal Factor

Factors that cause a behavior. - An input (internal or external, such as hormone levels or environmental stimuli) to a central decision-making region of the brain.

Motivational State

combination of factors both internal and external that lead to the motivation state of an animal

Appetitive Behavior

Searching behavior with the intention of consuming or indulging when needs to execute are met

Consummatory Behavior

The completion phase of goal-directed behavior that directly utilizes a target stimulus to satisfy a drive (e.g., eating food).

Elastic Behavior

A behavior pattern whose performance will decrease or stop if effort becomes too much. “eh this isnt worth it”

Inelastic Behavior

A highly motivated behavior pattern that an animal continues to perform regardless of increases in cost or difficulty.

Rebound Behavior

Rebounding to a behavior after a period of time where an animal was unable to preform said behavior. ie relapse

Stereotypic Behavior

unnatural and repetitive, unvarying behavior pattern that serves no clear function or goal, often arising when motivated behaviors are restricted.

Vomeronasal Organ/ Jacobson's organ

A specialized chemosensory structure in or near the nasal cavity and palate that processes pheromones and social signals.

Lateral Line

A mechanoreceptive sensory system in aquatic animals that detects changes in water pressure and movement for navigation and schooling.

Ampullae of Lorenzini

Electroreceptors embedded in the skin of sharks and rays that detect minute electrical impulses from muscle movements of nearby prey.

Tropotaxis

Think forked tongue, Navigational orientation in which an organism compares the relative intensity of sensory input received simultaneously on opposite sides of its body.

Flehmen Response

Lip flip, A characteristic facial posture that aids in drawing chemical cues into the vomeronasal organ.

Batesian Mimicry

I look like that bad guy, An evolutionary deceit strategy in which a harmless species evolves physical traits or signals of a toxic or dangerous species to avoid predation.

Mellerian Mimicry

me and that other bad guy look similar. A phenomenon in which two or more harmful or unpalatable species share similar warning signals and appearances

Crypsis

Camo, The ability of an animal to avoid detection through camouflage, blending into nocturnal surroundings, or mimicking inedible objects.

Variable Cues

Communication signals that cost energy, consciously turned on and off

Constant Cues

Permanent anatomical or physical features that continually convey information to receivers without requiring active energy expenditure from the sender.

Nociception

The fundemental underlying mechanism for which pain is processed, not an indicator in ability to feel and process pain

Pheromonatherapy

F3 pheromones, The clinical use of synthetic social signals and chemical messages to modify animal behavior and alleviate behavioral issues.

Afferent

Signal from outside of the brain to the brain

Efferent

“Eh” as you throw a signal to something else, Signal from the brain to the body

Somatic

Conscious signaling

Automatic

Unconscious signaling

Chemoreceptors

Receptor cells responsible for smell, taste, and pheromones

Thermoreceptors

Receptor cells responsible for temperature

Mechanoreceptors

Receptor cells responsible for Pressure

Noceceptors

Receptor cells responsible for signaling Pain, not the processing of pain

Photoreceptor

Receptor cells responsible for light and vision

Electroreceptor

Receptor cells responsible for electric fields

Cryptochromes

Receptor cells responsible for magnetic feilds

Cascade signaling

Hormones causing other hormones

Syntax

Organized form of communication like language, not common in non-humans

Honest signaling

Communication that benifits both and is accurate, tends to have a cost to the signal sender like a puffer fish puffing itself up

Deceitful signaling

Benifits the sender, often some form of mimicry or deceitful behavior

Social communication

Physical social communication, most standard communication methods

Solitary communication

Seen mostly in solitary species, Instead of direct communication they leave behind messages like pheromones

Sign stimulus

External cue that triggers a fixed action pattern

Fixed action pattern

Set behavior routine triggered by a sign stimuli

Motivation

The brain process controlling what behavior changes occur and when