Revolutions in Europe and Latin America (1800s)

A collection of vocabulary flashcards covering the political concepts, events, and key figures of the 19th-century European nationalist uprisings and Latin American independence movements.

Universal Manhood Suffrage

Principle granting all adult men the right to vote.

Autonomy

Self-rule or political independence granted to a specific group or region.

July Revolution

1830 Paris uprising that forced Charles X to abdicate and placed Louis Philippe on the throne.

February Days

1848 French revolt resulting in the abdication of Louis Philippe and the creation of the Second Republic.

Peninsulare

Spanish-born aristocrats who occupied the top positions in colonial Latin America.

Creole

Latin Americans of European descent who led many revolutionary movements.

Mestizo

Persons of mixed European and Native American ancestry.

El Grito de Dolores

Speech and call to arms delivered by Fr. Miguel Hidalgo in 1810 that initiated the Mexican War of Independence.

Llaneros

Venezuelan cowboys who fought alongside revolutionists in South America.

Tertulias

Informal political and literary salons held in Spanish-speaking regions.

Lord Byron

British Romantic poet who traveled to Greece to assist Greek insurgents in fighting Ottoman control.

Karageorge

Serb leader who led an early unsuccessful guerrilla struggle against Ottoman forces from 1804 to 1813, reviving Serbian identity.

Milos Obrenovic

Serb leader who negotiated Serbian autonomy from Ottoman rule in 1830 with Russian support.

Louis Philippe

French monarch known as the "Citizen King" who assumed power following the July Revolution of 1830.

Louis Kossuth

Hungarian nationalist who demanded an independent constitution and an end to Austrian domination during the 1848 revolutions.

Louis Napoleon

Nephew of Napoleon who was elected president of France's Second Republic following the February Revolutions of 1848.

Frederick William IV

Prussian King who rejected the offer to become emperor of a unified German state from the Frankfurt Assembly.

Toussaint L'Ouverture

A former enslaved, self-educated man who led a successful revolution against French rule in Haiti.

Fr. Miguel Hidalgo

Mexican priest who delivered the speech El Grito de Dolores in 1810 to spark Mexican independence efforts.

Jose Morelos

Mexican priest who advocated for sweeping social and political reform before his execution in 1815.

Augustin de Iturbide

Creole military officer who joined revolutionary forces to secure Mexican independence and temporarily proclaimed himself emperor.

Simon Bolivar

Revolutionary leader known as "The Liberator" who led military campaigns across Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia.

Jose de San Martin

Argentine general who led revolutionary armies across the Andes Mountains to liberate Chile and Peru from Spanish rule.

Dom Pedro

Prince who remained in Brazil and declared the nation an independent empire in 1822.