Chapter 3 Review for Exam 2

What is the source of Lyocell?

Wood pulp

What is the trade name for Lyocell

Tencel

List advantages of Lyocell

• Absorbent, no static build-up

• Low thermal retention

• Good tenacity, stronger when wet

• Good resiliency, drape

• Good abrasion resistance

• Good dimensional stability

• Soft, smooth

List disadvantages of Lyocell

• Poor elongation

• Low elastic recovery

How should Lyocell be cared for?

• Wash or dry clean

• Sensitive to mildew, and insects

Where are Lyocell fibers used?

• Apparel — slacks, shirts, skirts, dresses, jackets, jumpers

• Furnishings

• Conveyor belts

• Medicine — filters, dressings

What is the source of Rayon?

Mulberry tree pulp (100% cellulose)

Varieties of Rayon:High-Wet-Modules (HWM) (or Polynosic Rayon)

Improved wet strength

Varieties of Rayon: Cuprammonium Rayon (Cupra)

• A finer, softer version

• Trademark: “Bemberg”

List advantages of Rayon

• Noted for excellent drape

• Luster may be controlled

• Soft, smooth

• Absorbent, no static build-up

• Wicks well

• Low thermal retention (good for the summer, cool to the touch)

List disadvantages of Rayon

• Weak, weaker wet

• Low tenacity (strength is low)

• Low abrasion resistance

• Very low elasticity

• Low resiliency

• Low dimensional stability

• Low elastic recovery

How should Rayon be cared for?

• Dry cleaning (usually recommended)

• Resistant to weak alkalis, harmed by acids

• Withstands high ironing temps

• Attacked by mildew, and molds

Where are Rayon fibers used?

• Dresses

• Sari

• Curtains

• Suits

• Apparel

• Furnishings

• Absorbent non-wovens: Industrial wipes, bandages, diapers, sanitary napkins, tampons, ect…

Fun facts about Rayon! :D

• Originally called artificial silk

• Properties are similar to cotton

Spinning solution (dope)

Material from which fiber is formed

Extrusion

Forcing the drop through tiny holes in a spinneret

Spinneret

Small nozzle through which the dope is forced

Filament tow

Fibers spun from spinnerets

How is fiber’s size modified?

Denier (Changes size of the fiber, diameter)

How is fiber’s shape modified?

1. Cross-sectional shape

2. Drawing: Stretching the fiber to make it thinner and increase its strength

3. Heat setting: To change the shape permanently

4. Texturing: Adding crimp to a fiber to make it bulkier, loftier, stretchable

How is a fiber’s length modified?

Fibers are cut to the desired length (can be used as filaments or stable lenghts)

What are some additives to spinning solution to fibers?

• Delusterants (to control how shiny it is)

• Dyes, pigment

• Whiteners, brighteners

• Flame retardants, antimicrobials

• Ultraviolet protection

• Anti-yellowing

• Static control, plus numerous others

What is the source of manufactured cellulose fibers?

• Mulberry tree pulp

• Wood pulp

• Bamboo plant

• Coconut shells

• Seaweed

What are some manufactured cellulose fibers?

• Rayon

• Lyocell

• Bamboo Rayon

• Modal

• Acetate

• Triacetate

• Cocona

• Seaweed

What is the source of Acetate?

Wood pulp

What is thermoplastic fiber?

Melting when exposed to high heat

List advantages of Acetate

• Moderate absorbency; static build up

• Poor thermal retention

• Smooth, silky

• Lustrous

• Drape well

• Whites won’t yellow

List disadvantages of Acetate

• Poor tenacity

• Poor abrasion resistance

• Moderate Dimensional stability

• Poor reliance, elasticity

• Low elastic recovery

• Dissolved in acetone

• Tendency to fume fade

How to care for Acetate?

• Dry clean

• Resistance to weak alkalis

• Weak in acids

• Thermoplastic - low iron tempts.

Where are Acetate fibers used?

• Apparel

• Linings

• Special occasion gowns — taffeta, satin, brocades

• Furnishings — antique satin

What are the properties of Triacetate

• A modified acetate with more chemical (acetate) than cellulose

• Easily heat set

• Smooth, silky

• Lustrous

• Drape well

What is the source of Bamboo Rayon?

Bamboo plant

What are the properties of Bomboo Rayon?

• Soft hand

• Wicking

• Antibacterial

• UV protection

• Odor absorbing

Where are Bamboo Rayon rivers used?

• Socks

• Underwear

• Infant wear

• Sheets

• Towels

• Shirts

What are the properties of Modal Fiber?

• Source: “wood pulp”

• Microfiber called “micro modal”

• Silky hand

• Good drape

• More absorbent, less shrinkage than cotton

What are properties of Cocona Fiber?

• Source: Coconut shells

• Good wicking, resilience, UV protection

• Blended with polyester, spandex

What are properties of Seaweed fiber?

• More absorbent than cotton

• Soft, luster

• Poor resilience (When compressed will not return to original shape)

• Used in underwear, infant wear, bedding

• Blended with Lyocell

What is the source of Azlon fiber?

soybeans, milk proteins, and feathers

List advantages of Soy protein fiber

• Good absorbency: no static build-up (note: more absorbent than cotton)

• Soft, silky

• Good thermal retention (good during the winter, to keep the body warm)

• Colorfastness (color won’t fade out)

List disadvantages of Soy protein fiber

• Poor tenacity

• Weak when wet

• Unpleasant odor when wet (Creates a bad smell when wet, consumers do not like)

• Poor resiliency, elasticity

• Damaged by moths, carpet beetles

Where are Soy fibers used?

• Underwear

• Yoga wear (Work-out clothing)

• Socks

Is Azlon biodegradable

yes

What fibers does Azlon resemble

Wool, and silk

List the two types of mineral fiber

Glass fibers and Metallic

What is the source of Glass fiber?

Silica in sand

List advantages of Glass fiber

• High tenacity

• Nonflammable

• Good resistance to chemicals, and sunlight

List disadvantages of Glass fiber

• Irritation

• No absorbency

• Heavy weight

• Poor abrasion resistance

• Poor elasticity

Where are Glass fibers used?

Nonflammable window treatments, and filters

What is the source of Metallic fiber?

Aluminum foil with a polyester coating

What are the properties of Metallic fiber?

Luster, and poor strength