New 5&9

What is a speech sound

disorder (SSD)

A disorder in which the speech sounds of a

person’s language are notproduced correctly.

What are the 2 major types of speech disorders

in these notes?

Speech sound disorders and motor speech

disorders.

What are the 2 developmental speech sound disorders?

Articulation disorders and phonological disorders

What are the 2 motor speech disorders?

Apraxia and dysarthria

What is a speech delay?

Speech patterns normally seen in younger children.

Delay = developing

normally, just behind.

What is a speech disorder?

Speech patterns that are unlike those seen at any

age in normally developing children

Speech delay vs. speech disorder?

Delay = normal pattern but younger level.

Disorder = unusual/abnormal

pattern.

What is an acquired speech sound disorder?

Speech/language skillsdeveloped before the

disorder began.

What is etiology?

The cause or origin of a disorder.

What are the 2 broad etiologies of speech

sound disorders?

Unknown cause and known cause.

What is a functional SSD?

A speech sound disorder with an unknown cause.

What is an organic/known

etiology?

A disorder with an identifiable cause. a child having sound errors due to cleft palate, down syndrome cerebral palsy

What are examples of known etiologies?

Perceptual/input: hearing

disorder.

Structural: cleft

lip/palate.

Motor/output:

dysarthria or apraxia.

unknown etiology

tat for cat no known medical cause for speech errors

shun for sun

What is an articulation disorder?

Difficulty with the motor production of individual

speech sounds. wabbit for rabbit

What does SODA stand for?

Substitution, Omission,

Distortion, Addition.

What is a substitution?

Replacing one sound with

another. Example: “tat” for

“sat.

What is an omission?

Leaving a sound out.

Example: “at” for “sat.

”

What is a distortion?

Producing a sound in an

incorrect or altered way. sun with an ‘sh’ shun

What is an addition?

Adding an extra sound to a word.

What is a phonological

disorder?

Difficulty understanding and using the rules/patterns that govern speech sounds. tat for cat do for go

Articulation disorder vs. phonological disorder?

Articulation = motor/movement of

sounds.

Phonological =

rules/patterns of sounds.

What does articulation-based treatment focus on?

Teaching the motor movements necessary for speech and progressing to

harder levels.

What does phonological-based

treatment focus on?

Understanding the rules governing speech sounds

and syllable sequences.

Easy way to remember

articulation vs. phonological treatment?

Articulation = HOW to

move. Phonological = HOW sounds follow rules.

What is apraxia?

A neurological motor speech disorder involving difficulty planning and sequencing speech

movements.

What happens in apraxia?

The person knows what they want to say but has

trouble planning/sequencing the movements needed to say

it.

What are characteristics

of apraxia?

Slow rate, inconsistent errors, disfluent speech, vowel errors, altered stress/intonation, and

productions may differ each time.

What is dysarthria?

A motor speech disorder caused by difficulty controlling the muscles used for speech due to

neuromuscular impairment.

What is cerebral palsy?

A group of disorders affecting movement,

muscle tone, and posture

due to damage to the developing brain; it may

affect speech muscles.

What is AAC?

augmentative

Alternative

Communication — communication methods

that support or replace

spoken speech.

What are examples/forms

of AAC?

Gestures/signs, picture or communication boards,

writing/text, and speech-generating

devices/apps.