A&P3 Wk4 Lecture Quiz 4

Which respiratory tract are the turbinates part of?

Upper respiratory tract

Which respiratory tract is the larynx part of?

Upper respiratory tract

Which respiratory tract is the oropharynx part of?

Upper respiratory tract

Which respiratory tract are the bronchi part of?

Lower respiratory tract

Which zone is the nasopharynx part of?

Conducting zone

Which zone are the bronchioles part of?

Conducting zone

Which zone is the trachea part of?

Conducting zone

Which zone are the alveoli part of?

Respiratory zone

What three things affect the pitch of your voice?

Thickness of vocal folds, tightness of vocal folds, and size of larynx.

What is the smallest airway structure among the trachea, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, and bronchioles?

Bronchioles.

What two substances or cells are found inside the alveoli?

Surfactant and macrophages.

What fluid inside the alveoli increases surface tension?

Alveolar fluid

What increases the risk of lung collapse from the inside?

Alveolar fluid

What decreases the risk of lung collapse from the inside?

Surfactant

What decreases the risk of lung collapse from the outside?

Serous fluid

A person breaks a rib that punctures the pleura, causing a collapsed lung. Which pleura normally maintains the seal against the rib cage?

Parietal pleura

During a collapsed lung, which pressure increases?

Intrapleural pressure

Intrapleural pressure becomes greater than which pressure?

Intrapulmonary pressure

What must be done to reinflate a collapsed lung caused by air entering the pleural space?

Remove air from the pleural space.

What happens to the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles during inspiration?

They contract.

What happens to lung volume during inspiration?

It increases.

What happens to lung pressure during inspiration?

It decreases below atmospheric pressure.

Which direction does air move during inspiration?

Into the lungs.

What happens to the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles during expiration?

They relax.

What happens to lung volume during expiration?

It decreases.

What happens to lung pressure during expiration?

It increases above atmospheric pressure.

Which direction does air move during expiration?

Out of the lungs.

Which nerve innervates the diaphragm?

Phrenic nerve

What is the amount of air moved in and out of the lungs during one normal breath?

Tidal volume

What is external respiration?

Gas exchange between the alveoli and blood capillaries.

During external respiration, where does oxygen move?

From the alveoli into the blood capillaries.

What is internal respiration?

Gas exchange between the blood capillaries and body tissues.

During internal respiration, where does oxygen move?

From the blood capillaries into peripheral tissues.

During which two processes is CO₂ produced?

Pyruvate oxidation and the citric acid cycle.

Why must CO₂ be exhaled?

It is a waste product of cellular respiration.

What does oxygen form in the electron transport system (ETS)?

Water

Why must oxygen be inhaled?

It is required for the electron transport system.

What is the primary way CO₂ is transported in the bloodstream?

As bicarbonate.

What is the primary way O₂ is transported in the bloodstream?

Attached to hemoglobin.

What is the percentage of heme units containing bound oxygen called?

Hemoglobin saturation.

Which law states that gas pressure is inversely proportional to gas volume?

Boyle's law

How many oxygen molecules can one hemoglobin molecule bind?

4

What is the pressure exerted by a single gas in a mixture of gases called?

Partial pressure

Why do gases like O₂ and CO₂ move between the lungs and blood?

They move by diffusion from high to low partial pressure (down their pressure gradient).

How do oxygen and carbon dioxide move during gas exchange?

O₂ moves from the alveoli into the blood, while CO₂ moves from the blood into the alveoli.