Psychology Exam 2

Theory of Evolution

Genotype

Phenotype

Homozygous

Heterozygous

Dominant

Recessive

chromosomes

zygote

punnett square

range of reaction

genetic environmental correlation

epigenetics

Endocrine System

a system of glands that produce and release hormones into the bloodstream

gland

an organ or group of cells that produces and releases substances, such as hormones

hormone

a chemical messenger released into the bloodstream that affects cells with the appropriate receptors

neurotransmitter

a chemical messenger released by neurons that communicates with nearby cells

hypothalamus

a brain region that helps control the pituitary gland and regulates important bodily functions

pituitary gland

the gland at the base of the brain that releases hormones regulating growth and other endocrine glands; often called the master gland; growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, endorphins

thyroid gland

gland that releases thyroxine (regulates metabolism) and triiodothyronine (regulates metabolism)

pineal gland

releases melatonin which regulates the body’s sleep-wake cycle

adrenal glands

releases epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline), helping regulate the body’s stress response

pancreas

releases insulin and glucagon which lower and raise blood glucose levels; helps regulate blood glucose

ovaries

female gonads, releases