NEET NRTS Test-01 Practice Flashcards

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering key definitions, laws, organelles, constants, and anatomical terms from Physics, Chemistry, Botany, and Zoology in NEET Test-01.

Rydberg Constant

A fundamental physical constant with a value of $1.097 \times 10^7\,\text{m}^{-1}$.

Avogadro Constant

The number of constituent particles per mole of a substance, defined as $6.02 \times 10^{23}\,\text{mol}^{-1}$.

Boltzmann Constant

A physical constant that relates the average relative kinetic energy of particles in a gas with the thermodynamic temperature of the gas, equal to $1.38 \times 10^{-23}\,\text{J}\,\text{K}^{-1}$.

Law of Multiple Proportions

A chemical law stating that when two elements combine to form more than one compound, the masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other element are in a ratio of small whole numbers.

Law of Definite Proportions

A chemical law stating that a given chemical compound always contains its component elements in a fixed ratio by mass, regardless of its source or method of preparation.

Gay-Lussac's Law of Gaseous Volumes

A chemical law stating that when gases react together, they do so in volumes which bear a simple whole-number ratio to one another and to the volume of gaseous products, measured at constant temperature and pressure.

Limiting Reagent

The reactant in a chemical reaction that is completely consumed first, thereby limiting the maximum amount of product that can be formed.

Molarity

A concentration unit defined as the number of moles of solute present in one liter ($1\,\text{L}$) of solution.

Molality

A concentration unit defined as the number of moles of solute dissolved per kilogram ($1\,\text{kg}$) of solvent.

Amyloplasts

A type of leucoplast in plant cells specialized for storing carbohydrates in the form of starch.

Elaioplasts

A type of leucoplast in plant cells specialized for storing oils and fats.

Aleuroplasts

A type of leucoplast in plant cells specialized for storing proteins.

Chromoplasts

Plastids containing fat-soluble carotenoid pigments such as carotene and xanthophylls, which impart yellow, orange, or red color to plant parts.

Tonoplast

The selectively permeable single membrane that bounds the central vacuole in plant cells.

Perinuclear Space

The space located between the parallel inner and outer membranes of the nuclear envelope in eukaryotic cells.

Metacentric Chromosome

A chromosome that has its centromere positioned in the middle, forming two equal arms.

Sub-metacentric Chromosome

A chromosome having its centromere located slightly away from the middle, resulting in one shorter arm and one longer arm.

Acrocentric Chromosome

A chromosome with its centromere situated very close to one end, forming one extremely short arm and one very long arm.

Telocentric Chromosome

A chromosome featuring a terminal centromere located at its extreme end.

Satellite (Chromosome)

A small non-staining chromosomal fragment separated from the main chromosome body by a constant secondary constriction.

Chromatophores

Pigment-containing membranous infoldings in the cytoplasm of photosynthetic prokaryotes such as cyanobacteria.

Mesosomes

Specialized infoldings of the plasma membrane in prokaryotes involved in cell wall synthesis, DNA replication, and respiration.

Fimbriae

Small, bristle-like protein fibers sprouting out of some bacterial cells that function primarily in attachment to rocks or host tissues.

Pili

Elongated tubular structures made of a special protein on the surface of bacteria that aid in conjugation and attachment but do not function in motility.

Omnis cellula-e cellula

A Latin aphorism formulated by Rudolf Virchow stating that all new cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Sinus Venosus

A triangular chamber in the frog's circulatory system that receives deoxygenated blood from the major venae cavae and opens into the right atrium.

Conus Arteriosus

A muscular chamber arising from the ventricle on the ventral side of the frog's heart that opens into the arterial system.

Hepatic Portal System

A specialized venous connection in frogs that carries blood from the liver to the intestine.

Renal Portal System

A specialized venous connection in frogs between the kidneys and the lower parts of the body.

Copulatory Pad

A specialized pad present on the first digit of the forelimb in male frogs used to grasp the female during amplexus.

Mesorchium

A double fold of peritoneum that adheres the yellowish ovoid testes to the upper part of the kidneys in male frogs.

Bidder's Canal

A canal inside the kidney of a male frog through which sperm travels from the vasa efferentia into the urinogenital duct.

Tympanum

The membranous eardrum present on either side of the head in frogs that receives sound signals and functions in both hearing and balancing.

Areolar Connective Tissue

A loose connective tissue containing fibroblasts, macrophages, and mast cells in a semi-fluid ground substance that serves as a support framework for epithelium.

Adipose Tissue

A type of loose connective tissue located beneath the skin specialized for storing excess nutrients as fat in adipocytes.

Intercalated Discs

Communication junctions unique to cardiac muscle tissue that connect adjoining cell plasma membranes, allowing cells to contract as a single unit.

Tight Junctions

Intercellular junctions that prevent substances from leaking across an epithelial tissue barrier.

Gap Junctions

Intercellular communication channels connecting the cytoplasm of adjoining cells to facilitate rapid transfer of ions and small molecules.

Neuroglia

Non-excitable supporting cells in neural tissue that protect and support neurons, constituting more than half the volume of neural tissue in the human body.

Mitochondrion Structure

A double-membraned respiratory organelle consisting of an outer membrane, inner membrane, inter-membrane space, matrix, and cristae.

Chloroplast Structure

A double-membraned photosynthetic plant organelle comprising stroma, thylakoids stacked into grana, and stroma lamellae.