Anatomy of Frog Muscles: Origins, Insertions, and Actions

Vocabulary flashcards covering origins, insertions, and actions for various anatomical muscles of the mouth, tongue, pectoral girdle, abdominal wall, back, pelvic girdle, thigh, and shank.

A muscle of the floor of the mouth and tongue originating on the inner side of the lower jaw and inserting at the tendon in the median line. Action: raises the floor of the mouth for breathing.

Mylohyoid

Submentalis

A muscle of the floor of the mouth originating at the anterior end of the mandible and inserting at the tendon in the mid-line. Action: pushes sublingual tubercle on lower jaw.

Geniohyoid

A muscle originating dorsally on coracoids and clavicle and inserting on the ventral side of the hyoid. Action: bulges hyoid ventrally.

Hyoglossus

A muscle originating on the hyoid and inserting into the tongue. Action: retracts/withdraws tongue forward.

Depressor Mandibulae

A muscle originating at the posterior edge of the tympanic ring via dorsal fascia and inserting at the posterior-most end of the lower jaw. Action: opens the mouth.

Temporalis

A muscle originating on the side of the skull between eye and tympanic ring and inserting near the posterior end of the lower jaw. Action: closes the mouth.

Masseter

A muscle originating on the tympanic ring and adjacent bones and inserting on the lower jaw behind the temporal. Action: closes the mouth.

Pterygoideus

A muscle originating in the pterygoid region of the skull and inserting on the medial side of the condyle of the mandible. Action: assists in jaw movement.

AnteriorPectoralis (PectoralisEpicoracoidea)

A pectoral girdle muscle originating on the coracoid and epicoracoid bones and inserting at the anterior end of the humerus. Action: draws arms towards the chest/adduction of arms.

Middle Pectoralis (PectoralisSternalis)

A pectoral muscle originating on the xiphisternum and inserting at the anterior end of the humerus. Action: draws arms towards the chest.

Posterior Pectoralis (PectoralisAbdominis)

A pectoral muscle originating on the anterior half of the rectus abdominis and inserting at the anterior end of the humerus. Action: draws arms towards the chest.

Deltoid

A shoulder/arm muscle originating on the clavicle, scapula, and omosternum and inserting on the deltoid crest of the humerus. Action: draws arms forward.

Sterno-radialis

A chest and arm muscle originating on the episternum and inserting at the proximal part of the radius by tendon. Action: flexes forearm and the humerus.

External Oblique

An abdominal wall muscle originating on the dorsal fascia and inserting at the linea alba dorsal to the previous muscle. Action: compressor of the abdomen and respiratory muscle.

Rectus Abdominis

An abdominal muscle originating on the pubis and inserting dorsally on the sternum and coracoid. Action: supports the abdomen, holds the sternum.

Transversus

An abdominal muscle originating on the transverse process of the 4th to 9th vertebrae and the iliac bone, inserting on the coracoid and xiphisternum. Action: compressor of the abdomen and respiratory muscle.

Dorsalis Scapulae

A back muscle originating on the scapula and inserting at the tendon joining the LatissimusDorsi. Action: raises arms towards body.

LatissimusDorsi

A back muscle originating on the dorsal fascia and inserting on the deltoid crest. Action: raises arm dorsally.

LongissimusDorsi

A back muscle originating on the urostyle and inserting on the vertebrae and back of the skull. Action: straightens the back and raises the head.

Ilio-lumbaris

A back muscle originating on the anterior end of the ilium and inserting on the transverse process of the sacral vertebra. Action: extensor of the back.

Coccygeo-sacralis

A pelvic muscle originating on the periphery of the urostyle and inserting on the transverse process of the 9th sacral vertebra. Action: singly turns the back and raises it.

Coccygeo-iliacus

A pelvic muscle originating on the periphery of the urostyle and inserting on the anterior part of the ilium. Action: holds urostyle in place.

Gluteus

A pelvic muscle originating in the middle of the lateral surface of the ilium and inserting at the anterior side of the head of the femur. Action: draws thigh forward and upward.

Pyriformis

A muscle originating on the anterior surface of the lateral sacrum and inserting on the greater trochanter of the femur along its medial surface. Action: laterally rotates thigh at hip, also abducts thigh if hip is flexed.

Triceps Femoris

A thigh muscle originating on the pelvic girdle and inserting at the front of the tibia. Action: extensor of the shank.

Biceps Femoris

A thigh muscle originating on the crest of the ilium above the acetabulum and inserting at the distal part of the femur and posterior border of the tibio-fibula. Action: adducts the thigh against the trunk, also extends to the shank.

Semimembranosus

A thigh muscle originating on the dorsal side of the ischium and inserting at the posterior end of the tibio-fibula. Action: flexes the shank.

Gracilis Muscles

Thigh muscles originating on the edge of the ischium and inserting on the inner side of the tibio-fibula below the head. Action: flexes shank.

Semitendinosus

A thigh muscle originating at the ischium by two heads and inserting with the gracilis minor on the proximal end of the tibio-fibula. Action: adducts thigh and flexes the shank.

Adductor Muscles

Thigh muscles originating on the ischium and pubis and inserting at the distal end of the femur. Action: adducts thigh and leg.

Sartorius

A thigh muscle originating on the lower end of the ilium and inserting at the proximal end of the tibio-fibula. Action: flexor of the thigh.

Gastrocnemius

A shank muscle originating at the distal end of the femur by a flat tendon and edge of knee tendon, inserting at the tendon of Achilles. Action: extends the foot and flexes the shank.

Peroneus

A shank muscle originating on the knee tendon and inserting on the tibio-fibula distally by the ankle. Action: draws shank against the thigh and extends or twists the foot.

TibialisAnticus

A shank muscle originating on the femur and inserting on the calcaneal bone. Action: extensor of the foot.

TibialisPosticus

A shank muscle originating on the femur and inserting on the calcaneal bone. Action: extensor of the foot.