Exploratory Data Analysis for Univariate Quantitative Data

Flashcards testing concepts, definitions, formulas, and rules of thumb for univariate quantitative exploratory data analysis based on lecture slides.

According to the NIH, breastfeeding mothers lose an average of __________ of their bone density during breastfeeding.

$$4\%$$

In the study setup, percent bone loss is classified as a __________ quantitative variable because it can take any numerical value, including decimals.

continuous

A variable such as the number of bedrooms is an example of a __________ quantitative variable.

discrete

A variable such as the college of your major is classified as a __________ variable.

categorical

Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) is the process of understanding your data through pictures and __________ summaries.

numerical

The __________ of a variable describes what values the variable can take and how often it takes those values.

distribution

Histograms are always described using three key characteristics: shape, center, and __________.

spread

In the provided graphs, changing the __________ size alters the appearance and detail of the histogram.

bin

A density plot is a smoothed out continuous histogram, and the total area under a density curve is always equal to __________.

$$1$$

The statistical measure of center that acts as the physical balancing point for a histogram is the __________.

mean

The sample mean is denoted by $\bar{y}$, while the population parameter mean is denoted by the Greek letter __________.

$$\mu$$

The five numbers included in a 5 Number Summary are Min, Q1, Median (Q2), Q3, and __________.

Max

A boxplot is a graphical plot of the __________ Number Summary.

5

The Interquartile Range (IQR) represents the spread of the middle __________ of the data.

$$50\%$$

The mathematical formula for calculating the Interquartile Range is $\text{IQR} = \text{\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_}$.

$$Q_3 - Q_1$$

If all observations in a dataset are identical, the spread equal to __________.

$$0$$

If a dataset has a skewness value of $-0.473$, its distribution is considered __________ skewed.

left

According to the course rule of thumb, a distribution is considered close enough to symmetric if its skewness is between $-0.5$ and __________.

$$0.5$$

When data contains outliers and/or strong skewness, the preferred measures of center and spread to use are __________ and IQR.

median

When data has no outliers and is not strongly skewed, the preferred measures of center and spread are mean and __________.

standard deviation

According to the 1.5 IQR Rule, an observation is classified as an outlier if it is greater than $Q_3 + 1.5 \times \text{IQR}$ or less than __________.

$$Q_1 - 1.5 \times \text{IQR}$$

In the Tipping dataset practice exercise, the lower cutoff for detecting outliers was calculated as __________.

$$15.7$$

In the Tipping dataset practice exercise, the upper cutoff for detecting outliers was calculated as __________.

$$21.3$$