Bio Exam 3 - UGA Dees

G1 Phase

Preperation stage emphasizing growth and preparation for replication with normal function of the cell still happening.

S Phase

Preperation stage when DNA is being replicated and synthesized.

G2 Phase

Preperation stage where cell grows more and reaches its maximum size, preparing for division.

G0 Phase

A term used to describe a cell that is not dividing nor preparing for division.

Mitosis

Division of the nucleus of a cell that results in two identical nuclei

Cytokinesis

Division of the cytoplasm that results in two identical daughter cells.

Prophase

Phase of mitosis where chromosomes start to condense into their compact forms.

Prometaphase

Mitotic phase where the nuclear envelope of the cell will break down and disappear.

Kinetochore

Attachment points for spindles to grab a hold of chromosomes during mitosis.

Metaphase

Mitotic phase where all chromosomes are lined up in the middle of the cell.

Anaphase

Mitotic phase where chromosome copies are pulled apart by spindles to the opposite sides of the cell.

Telophase

Mitotic phase where new nuclear envelopes form around each set of chromosomes. Chromosomes start to decondense and spindles will start to disappear.

Contractile Ring

Structure made of proteins found in muscle tissue that is what make cytokinesis happen in animal cells.

Cell Plate

Gathering point for building a new cell well in plant cells undergoing cytokinesis.

Mitotic Regulation

Checkpoints that pause cell division if certain conditions are not met. Checkpoint failures lead to uncontrolled division or cancer.

G1 Checkpoint

Checkpoint that verifies whether or not the cell is large enough and if there is any DNA damage that needs to be fixed.

G2 Checkpoint

Checkpoint that checks for complete and accurate chromosome replication.

M Checkpoint

Checkpoint that checks for spindle attachment and makes sure that chromosomes are split evenly and accurately.