Focus 4 English Vocabulary & Expressions

Flashcards testing key vocabulary terms, idioms, phonetics, and distinctions from Focus 4.

What is the English idiom for inventing a new word, and how is it defined in the transcript?

To coin a word (придумувати слово).

What is the IPA phonetic transcription for 'an era'?

/ˈɪərə/

What is the meaning of the English expression 'as old as time'?

Старий як світ (very old or ancient).

What does 'a visionary' translate to in Ukrainian?

Провісник, пророк, далекоглядна людина.

What is the IPA transcription and translation for 'reconnaissance'?

Transcription: /rɪˈkɒnɪsns/; Translation: розвідка.

What does the Latin proverb 'a sound mind in a sound body' translate to?

В здоровому тілі - здоровий дух!

What is the IPA phonetic transcription of 'longevity'?

/lɒnˈdʒevəti/

What is the Ukrainian translation of 'you can't teach an old dog new tricks'?

Горбатого могила виправить.

What is the Ukrainian equivalent of the proverb 'A penny saved is a penny earned'?

Копійка гривню береже.

What does the abbreviation 'BSOD' stand for, and what does it refer to?

The blue screen of death — внутрішня помилка системи (Windows system error screen).

What does it mean if a habit or action 'becomes a second nature'?

To happen automatically without thinking (автоматично).

What does the term 'tech-savvy' describe?

Someone who is knowledgeable and proficient with technology ('шарить в технологіях').

What is the IPA phonetic transcription for 'microbiome'?

/ˌmaɪkrəʊˈbaɪəʊm/

What is the difference in meaning between 'economic' and 'economical'?

'Economic' relates to the economy (економічний), whereas 'economical' means thrifty or avoiding waste (економний).

What is the difference between 'historic' and 'historical'?

'Historic' means famous or important in history (історичний, вікопомний); 'historical' relates to history or the past in general (історичний - минуле).

What does the idiom 'in a nutshell' mean?

Дуже коротко (very briefly or concisely).

What is the translation for 'state-of-the-art'?

Найсучасніший (cutting-edge or highly advanced).

What does the expression 'to live from hand to mouth' mean?

Виживати (living on very little money with barely enough for immediate needs).

What does the idiom 'Jack of all trades, master of none' mean?

A person competent in many areas ('на всі руки майстер') but who has not mastered any single one ('нічого не вміє').

What is the IPA phonetic transcription for 'anxiety'?

/æŋˈzaɪəti/

How do 'complement' and 'compliment' differ in spelling, transcription, and meaning?

'Complement' (/ˈkɒmplɪment/) means to complete or supplement (доповнювати); 'compliment' (/ˈkɒmplɪmənt/) means an expression of praise (комплімент).

What does the abbreviation 'NB' stand for and what is its translation?

Nota Bene! (важливо / note well).

What does 'to put things off until tomorrow' mean?

To postpone or procrastinate on tasks (відкладати на завтра).

What is the definition of 'thinking outside the box'?

To think creatively and unconventionally (нестандартно мислити).

What does 'out of the blue' mean?

Suddenly or unexpectedly (зненацька).

What does it mean to 'take something at face value'?

To accept something as true or genuine based on initial appearance without questioning it (сприймати за чисту монету).

What is the definition of 'gregarious'?

Sociable and enjoying the company of others (товариський).

What is the translation and meaning of 'unhinged'?

Неврівноважений, несамовитий, такий, що «злетів із котушок» (mentally unbalanced or deranged).

What does 'frugality' mean?

Ощадливість, економність, невибагливість (the quality of being economical with money or resources).

What does 'to get the hang of something' mean?

Зрозуміти суть, навчитися, освоїти щось (to understand or master a technique or skill).

What is the definition of 'reluctant'?

Unwilling and hesitant (неохочий, вимушений).

What does 'retaliation' mean?

Відплата, помста, удари у відповідь (harm done to someone in return for harm done).

What does 'coerced' mean?

Змушений, присилуваний під тиском або погрозами (forced to act against one's will).

What is the meaning of 'remorse'?

Докори сумління, каяття (deep regret or guilt for wrongdoings).

What is the translation and meaning of 'plunder'?

Грабувати, розкрадати; награбоване / здобич (to rob or steal goods using force).