Workplace Motivation Theories: Maslow, Herzberg, and McClelland

Why is studying motivation important?

It helps us understand ourselves better and what prompts employees to take action and persist in their efforts.

What are innate needs?

Needs we are born with, which motivate behavior.

Who proposed the Hierarchy of Needs?

Abraham Maslow.

What is the sequence of needs in Maslow's Hierarchy?

Lower-order needs must be satisfied before higher-order needs are activated.

What are the two sets of characteristics in Herzberg's Motivation Theory?

Hygiene factors and motivator factors.

What do hygiene factors refer to in Herzberg's Theory?

The presence or absence of sources of job dissatisfaction, such as working conditions and pay.

What are motivator factors in Herzberg's Theory?

Sources of job satisfaction, like interesting work, autonomy, and opportunities for growth.

What did Herzberg challenge about the assumption of motivation?

That pay is the most important motivator.

What is McClelland's Acquired Needs Theory?

It posits that we develop certain needs through experiences and interactions with our environment.

What are the four needs identified in McClelland's Theory?

Desire for Achievement, Fairness, Affiliation, and Power.

What characterizes the Desire for Achievement?

A strong desire to perform challenging tasks well and meet personal standards for accomplishment.

What is Goal Setting Theory?

It states that goals must be difficult and specific to motivate high levels of productivity.

What does SMART stand for in goal setting?

Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Results-based, Time-specific.

What is the Desire for Fairness in Equity Theory?

The desire to be treated fairly compared to others, motivating actions to reduce perceived inequity.

What is Expectancy Theory?

It states that motivation depends on an individual's expectations about their ability to perform tasks and receive rewards.

What are intrinsic motivators?

Motivators that come from doing the activity itself, such as satisfaction from competency and achievement.

What are extrinsic motivators?

Motivators that come from outside the task, usually provided by supervisors or managers.

What is the Desire for Affiliation?

The desire to form close relationships, avoid conflict, and establish warm friendships.

What is the Desire for Power?

The desire to control or influence others and be responsible for them.

What are the sources of power in motivation?

Legitimate, Reward, Coercive, Expert, and Referent power.

What does legitimate power depend on?

The position that someone holds.

What is coercive power?

Motivating others through the threat of punishment.

What is expert power based on?

Special knowledge, skills, and expertise that someone possesses.

What is referent power?

Motivating others through identification or association with others.

What are case studies related to motivation theories?

Examples include Safety Needs, Affiliation Needs, Self-Actualization Needs, and Achievement Needs.